1. The cardiovascular effects: Intravenous injection of 0.16~0.26 g(crude drug)/kg of water extract of Polygonatum sibiricum could significantly increase the coronary blood flow of anesthetized dogs. Intravenous injection of 1.5 g(crude drug)/kg can confront the pituitary vasopressin-induced rabbit myocardial ischemia, reduce pituitary vasopressin-induced T-wave increased, and promote the abnormal T-wave advanced recovery. Intravenous injection of 12g/kg water extract could enhance the tolerance of mice to hypoxia. An isolated rabbit heart perfusion with 0.35% water extract of Polygonatum sibiricum and the  rockwell solution can very significant increase in coronary blood flow [1].. 0.15% Polygonatum sibiricum alcohol extract material solution can enhance the isolated toad heart contraction force and the 0.4% solution can speed up the heart rate of an isolated rabbit heart [2].. Only 0.03g crude drug of polygonatum sibiricum water or alcohol extract can show cardiotonic effect on prostrate isolated toad heart, increase stroke volume by the failure state of 2 to 3 drops to stroke 3 to 4 drops and myocardial contraction amplitude increased by 30%, but play a negative role on normal heart [3]. The 30% leaching solution of polygonatum sibiricum ethanol and ethanol-water fluid have the effect of reducing the animal blood pressure [4, 5]. Polygonatum sibiricum chloroform extract inhibits the activity of lung angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE) [6]. The Polygonatum sibiricum alcohol extracts significantly reduce the activity of aspartate aminotransferase(AST), creatine kinase(CK) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) of the isoproterenol(ISO) induced myocardial ischemia in the rat heart, confront ligation in rats left anterior descending(LAD) coronary induced superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity reduces in rats heart tissue, restrain the incresed MAD and myocardial total calcium content, make improvement in the pathological changes of myocardial necrosis in the dosage of 5.08g/kg and have a protective effect on ischemic myocardium [7]. Guizhou polygonatum sibiricum can lighten the degree of bilateral common carotid artery ligation induced cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury, reduce the generation of rat plasma MDA and plasma total calcium content and reduce the extent of brain edema. Normal number of neurons in hippocampal CA1 region was significantly higher than the ischemic group, Guizhou polygonatum sibiricum can reduce global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, maybe its mechanism relates to the reduction level of oxygen free radicals [8]. Through lightening ischemia-reperfusion brain tissue content of NO and reducing neuronal apoptosis, 20g(crude drug)/kg polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide has a significant protective effect in focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury [8].

2. Resistance of the original pathogen microorganisms: Treat 1g(crude drug)/kg polygonatum sibiricum decoction of water as the original liquid, vitro experiments showed that salmonella typhi can be inhibited under the concentration of 1/160, staphylococcus aureus, acid bacteria 607, gypsum sample trichophyton and coriolis-type epidermal dermatophytes can be inhibited under the concentration of 1/80. The ether extract of polygonatum sibiricum alcohol extract can supress salmonella typhi under the concentration of 1/2500, and staphylococcus aureus can be restrained under the concentration of 1/640. [9]. The polygonatum sibiricum alcohol extract dubbed in concentrations of 2, 5, 6, 10%, vitro tests showed inhibitory effect on a variety of pathogenic fungi strains [10]. Polygonatum sibiricum has inhibitory effect on trichophyton rubrum, schenckii sporothrix, cryptococcus neoformans, candida albicans, staphylococcus aureusn and pseudomonas aeruginosa [11]. Guinea pigs inoculated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, start giving 1g(crude drug)/kg oral polygonatum sibiricum decoction in tomorrow or  at the time when lymph nodes occurs, medication for 60 days has a significant effect, lung and lymph nodes rarely nodular, close to the efficacy of 0.5k/kg isoniazid per day [12]. Compared with the acyclovir treatment group, the effects of polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide eye drops, oral solution and injection in rabbits herpes simplex virus keratitis therapy showed statistically significant, among them, eyedrops cooperate with injection subconjunctival injection and eyedrops cooperate with oral solution showed better effct than the acyclovir treatment group [13]. Vitro anti-herpes simplex virus test showed that the maximum non-toxic concentration of polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide is 16mg/mL for african green monkey kidney cells(vero cell). Below the maximum non-toxic concentration, simple pimple herpes virus type 1(stoker plant) and type 2(333 plant and sav plant) were obviously suppressed, the vitality of the virus-infected vero cells were significantly improved and cells to be protected [14].

3. Aging: Aging:Feeding silkworm with 20% polygonatum sibiricum decoction soaked mulberry leaves, the larval stage can be extended Aging:Feeding silkworm with 20% polygonatum sibiricum decoction soaked mulberry leaves, the larval stage can be extended [15]. 200% aqueous solution of polygonatum sibiricum crude polysaccharides(PSP) can extend the larval period, female pupal, female moth period and full lifetime of the silkworm, reduce larval weight and extend the resistance to starvation. Changes to these indicators equivalent to the role of vitamin E [16]. Average survival time of those drosophilae who fed with polygonatum sibiricum water extract extended 8 to 9 percent. Of them, female drosophila obviously improved and the ability to fly and resistance to high temperature capability are also enhanced [17]. 6g(crude drug)/kg polygonatum sibiricum decoction gavage can significantly improve Na+K+-ATP enzyme's activity of the erythrocyte membrane [18]. 3g/kg polygonatum sibiricum water decoction gavage for a month can significantly enhance the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in the mouse myocardium and brain tissue, significantly improve the catalase activity of brain tissue homogenate [19]. 25 days in a row, fed per mouse with 0.3mL 20% polygonatum sibiricum decoction every day, the activity of mouse liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) significantly increased and a significant reduction of myocardial lipofuscin content [15] . Continuously fed mouse with 2.55g/kg polygonatum sibiricum water decoction for one month can increase in mouse skin hydroxyproline content [38]. Given 24g/kg polygonatum sibiricum decoction through the mouth for 6 weeks, in the D-galactose induced subacute aging mouse brain tissue, the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD), Glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px), Na+-K+-ATP enzyme, and Ca2+-ATP enzyme can be effectively improved and the content of lipid oxidation end products, malondialdehyde(MDA) can be reduced [21]. Continuously fed with 16g/kg polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide for 8 weeks can increase the telomerase activity of aging mouse brain, liver and gonads tissue [22]. External application of polygonatum sibiricum water extract play a role in promoting mouse skin collagen fiber synthesis and also can slow reduction of the collagen fibers of the skin aging process [23].

4. Impact on immune function: Fed with 12.5k/kg polygonatum sibiricum water decoction, for 3, 18 and 24-month-old mice, acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase(ANAE) positive lymphocytes can be promoted and for 3-month-old mice, vitro antibody-forming cells(PFC) can be obviously promoted [24]. Similar to tremella polysaccharides, 1mg per tube polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide has a high degree of stimulating effect. After the irradiation of the 90% lethal dosage of 60Co, mouses who fed with polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide,their spleen weight obviously gained  in 9 to 11 days and the hematopoietic foci increased, and the DNA content of mouse spleen, liver, heart and other organs increased [25]. Polygonatum sibiricum extract can significantly improve T lymphocyte transformation rate or E rosette formation rate of cellular immune function patients, and this effect has nothing to do with a direct cytotoxic effect [26]. 10 days in a row, fed per mouse with 0.5g polygonatum sibiricum decoction every day can obviously reduce the normal mouse plasma cAMP and cGMP content, especially the cGMP, and significantly elevate the cGMP content of normal mouse spleen tissue, but have no significant effect on cAMP, cAMP/cGMP [27].

5. Nervous system effect: Continuously fed old mice with 5g/kg polygonatum sibiricum for 30 days, learning and memory function of aged mice can be enhanced, chemical drugs induced memory access, consolidate and reproduce processes barriers can be improved, mouse cerebral cortex and hippocampus ChAT content and ChAT activity can be increased and the learning and memory of aged mice can be promoted [28]. Continuously gavage administration of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides for 15 days can significantly reduce the number of errors in the maze test in rats, obviously improve rats learning and memory capacity and significantly shorten the incubation period if extended the treatment time to 30 days [29]. By adding 500ug/mL-1.5mg/mL polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides before hypoxia can significantly reduce the hypoxia and reoxygenation culture-induced neuronal apoptosis rate, increase the expression of protein Bcl-2 in anoxic nerve cell, reduce the expression of protein Bax and increase the ratio of Bcl-2 and Bax [30].

6. Hypolipidemic and anti-atherosclerosis: A total of 30 days perfusion of 100% polygonatum sibiricum decoction was given to the experimental hyperlipidemic rabbits, serum triglyceride, β-lipoprotein and cholesterol were significantly reduced after 10, 20 and 30 days of the administration [31]. The polygonatum sibiricum water or ethanol extract can significantly reduce blood triglyceride and total cholesterol but have no significant effect on high density lipoprotein cholesterol [32]. Polygonatum sibiricum has a role in the prevention of atherosclerosis and liver fat infiltration [33]. Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide has the function of lipid-lowering and resisting to the formation of experimental atherosclerosis [34]. Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide can inhibit the high expression of VCAM-1 [35].

7. Impact on blood sugar: Drenched rabbits with polygonatum sibiricum extract, their blood sugar levels gradually increased at first and then decreased [36]. Intraperitoneal injection of methanol extract of polygonatum sibiricum to normal mice and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice can decline the blood glucose values ​​4 hours later, strongly inhibit the blood glucose levels of the epinephrine-induced hyperglycemic mice. It was considered to have the effect of inhibiting liver glycolosis and studis have found that its glycocide(PO-2) is one of the active ingredient [37].

8 anti-fatigue: Per rat intraperitoneal injection 0.3mL of 17.67% polygonatum sibiricum decoction can prolong the swimming time [38].

9. Hemostasis: Per rat intraperitoneal injection 40mg of methanol extract of polygonatum sibiricum, 20mg of butanol and 20mg of water can play hemostatic effect in the trimmed experiments and reduce the amount of bleeding for those whose tail taken one minute ice-methanol frozen [39].

1. Tuberculosis: The treatment ofthe extract of Huangjing for tuberculosis in 19 cases was studied, the result:To take the extract of Huangjing separate internal for 2 months, lesions werecompletely absorbed in 4 cases, absorb the better were in 12 cases, 3 caseswere invalid.

2.Ringworm: Thetreatment of Huangjing for Ringworm,Coated surface of the skin, 2 times perday. Results: the foot ringworm, waist tinea all have certain curative effect,especially in foot ringworm to the blisters type and the erosion of the bestcurative effect of the horns of the foot ringworm type of curative effect ispoorer

Reference

1.Fracture

2.Neurasthenia, insomnia

3.Epilepsy with reddish faces and rashes, spasm of extremities, sores and ulcers

4.Pulmonary tuberculosis

5.Cough induced by lung dryness

6.Chronic unhealed cough

7.Weakness due to spleen and stomach deficiency

8.Weakness, abdominal distention, poor appetite, oliguria, profuse sweating and dry mouth caused by chronic hepatitis

9.Consumptive thirst

10.Lumbago due to kidney deficiency

11.Supplementing qi to consolidate essence

12.Strengthening bone and musculature, nourishing essence and marrow, blackening hair

13.Leucopenia

14.Bi syndrome with spasm of hands and feet induced by invasion of wind, cold and damp

15.Constipation caused by yin blood deficiency

16.Neurodermatitis

17.Impairment caused by overstrain, trauma

18.Five kinds of tardy growth and flaccidity in children

1. Tianmashouwu Tablet: gastrodia tuber, fleeceflower root, prepared rehmannia root, eclipta, glossy privet fruit, siberiansolomonseal rhizome, chinese angelica root, white peony root, mulberry leaf, puncturevinecaltrop  fruit(stir-frying), red sageroot, chuanxiong rhizome, dahurian angelica root, liquorice.

2. Qianggan Syrup(Pill): milkvetch root, dangshen,chinese yam, chinese angelica root, white peony root, siberian solomonsealrhizome, red sage root, dried rehmannia root, curcuma root, medicated leaven, hawthornfruit, oriental wormwood, oriental water plantain rhizom, isatis root, large-leafgentian root, liquorice.

3. ShenyanshuGranule(Tablet,Capsule): driedfresh ginseng(removing LU), dodder seed, siberian solomonseal rhizome, wolfberryfruit, atractylodes rhizome, poria, tetrandra root, cogongrass Rhizome, honeysuckleflower, dandelion herb.

4. Jiangzhiling Granule(Tablet): prepared fleeceflower root, wolfberry fruit, siberian solomonseal rhizome, cassia seed, hawthornfruit.

5. Zhimaikang Capsule: pu’er tea, hawthornfruit, lotus leaf, notoginseng, motherwort fruit, radish seed, fleece flowerroot, eucommia bark, loranthus mulberry mistletoe, root and vine of manyprickleacanthopanax, milkvetch root, siberian solomonseal rhizome, rhubarb(processingwith wine), pueraria root, chrysanthemum flower, sophora flower.

6. Dantianjiangzhi Pill: ginseng, red sage root,notoginseng, chuanxiong rhizome, chinese angelica root, siberian solomonsealrhizome, fleece flower root, epimedium, chinese cassia bark, root and vine ofmanyprickle acanthopanax, oriental water plantain rhizom.

7. FengliaoxingfengshidiedaMedicinal Liquor: obtuseleaferycibe stem, ephedra, cinnamom twig, notopterygium root, dahurian angelicaroot, silkworm droppings, chinese angelica root, chuanxiong rhizome, frankincense,myrrh, trogopterus dung, mutan bark, tangerine peel, nutgrass flatsedge rhizome,aucklandia root, common fennel fruit, orange fruit, atractylodes rhizome, magnoliabark, Chinese honeylocust abnormal fruit, bitter apricot kernel, whiteatractylodes rhizome, chinese yam, oriental water plantain rhizom, siberiansolomonseal rhizome, psoralea fruit, dodder seed.

8. Bujin Tablet: deerhorn glue, driedhuman placenta, tortoise carapace and plastronglue, tokay gecko(removing feetand head), oviductus rannae, oil of gallus gallus domesticus brisson, black-tailsnake(removing  head and stir-frying), redginseng, chinese angelica root, 核peach kernel, siberiansolomonseal rhizome(steaming), ophiopogon root, poria, tangerine peel, thunberbgfritillary bulb, stemona root(stir-frying with honey), platycodon root, hyacinthbletilla.

9. AoTaile Granule: tatarian aster root, curcumaroot, siberian solomonseal rhizome(steaming), white peony root, germinatedbarley.

10. Guanmaining Tablet: red sage root, puerariaroot, corydalis tuber(processing with vinegar), curcuma root, draconis resin, frankincense(stir-frying),myrrh(stir-frying), peach kernel(stir-frying), safflower, chinese angelica root,suberect spatholobus stem, prepared fleece flower root, siberian solomonsealrhizome(steaming), borneol.

11. Yanlingchangchun Capsule: piloseantler(removing hair), ginseng, testis and penis of a deer, penis and testis ofa dog, pig’s testicle, cibot rhizome, common cnidium fruit, epimedium(stir-frying),段stalactite, sea horse, driedshrimps, tokay gecko(removing feet and head), dogwood fruit, prepared rehmanniaroot, siberian solomonseal rhizome(processing with wine), prepared fleece flowerroot, tortoise carapace and plastronglue.

12. Yangweishu Capsule: siberian solomonsealrhizome(steaming), dangshen, white atractylodes rhizome(stir-frying), chineseyam, dodder seed, coastal glehnia root, scrophularia root, black plum, tangerinepeel, hawthorn fruit, dried ginger.

13. Xialing Granule: prepared fleece flowerroot, wolfberry fruit, black sesame(stir-frying), mulberry fruit, dodder seed, papermulberryfruit, siberian solomonseal rhizome(prepared), hawthorn fruit, notoginseng, chrysanthemumflower.

14.Jingwu Capsule(Granule): siberian solomonseal rhizome(prepared), preparedfleece flower root, glossy privet fruit(steaming with wine), eclipta.

15. Zaizao Shengxue Pill: dodder seed(processingwith wine), glossy privet fruit, eclipta, wolfberry fruit, siberian solomonsealrhizome(processing with wine), psoralea fruit(processing with salt water), piloseantler(removing hair), epimedium, milkvetch root, red ginseng, dangshen, whiteatractylodes rhizome(stir-frying), chinese angelica root, prepared rehmanniaroot, white peony root, prepared fleece flower root, ass hide glue , suberectspatholobus stem, ophiopogon root, hairy vein agrimony, motherwort.

16. Jianyanling Capsule: prepared rehmanniaroot, prepared fleece flower root, milkvetch root, siberian solomonseal rhizome,chinese yam, american ginseng root, black sesame, poria, gordon euryale seed, cochinchineseasparagus root, dragon’s bone, amber, black seed of soybean, biota tops.

17. Jiangtangshu Capsule: ginseng, wolfberryfruit, milkvetch root, pueraria root, chinese yam, siberian solomonseal rhizome,schisandra fruit, prepared rehmannia root, dried rehmannia root, scrophulariaroot, ophiopogon root, anemarrhena rhizome, gypsum, trichosanthes root, rootand vine of manyprickle acanthopanax, bitter cardamon, oyster shell, gordoneuryale seed, orange fruit, red sage root, lychee seed, lindera root.

18.Qizhijiangtang Capsule: milkvetch root, driedrehmannia root, siberian solomonseal rhizome, leech.

19. Guhanyangsheng Extract: ginseng, milkvetchroot(stir-frying), siberian solomonseal rhizome(prepared), epimedium, wolfberryfruit, glossy privet fruit(prepared), dodder seed, cherokee rose fruit, whitepeony root, germinated barley(stir-frying), stir-fried liquorice.

20. Jiannao Anshen Tablet: siberian solomonsealrhizome(steaming), pilose antler, deerhorn glue, degelatined deer-horn, epimedium,wolfberry fruit, prepared rehmannia root, schisandra fruit, poria, polygalaroot(prepared), wild or spring jujuba seed(stir-frying), ophiopogon root, tortoisecarapace and plastron, red ginseng, chinese date(stoned), xanthium.