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[English Name] Sharpleaf Uncaria Stem with Hooks
[Chinese Name] 钩藤  
[Pinying Name] Gouteng  
[Latin Name] Uncariae Rhynchophyllae cum Uncis Ramulus  
[Genera] Rubiaceae
[Efficacy] pingganxifengyao
[Pictures] Plant picture Drug picture
Plant picture
 
Drug picture
 
[Alias]  
[Source]  
[Plant morphology]  
[Distribution]  
[Gathering and processing]  
[Characteristics]  
[Ecology]     It grows in open forest beside valley and streammoutains forest and moutains secondary forest.  
[Chemical composition]  
[Pharmacological activities]

1 Heart-blood vessel system: (1) theantihypertensive effect: rhynchophylline, Rhynchophylla total alkaloids, etc. extractedfrom Sharpleaf Uncaria Stem with Hooksare able to cause significant antihypertensive effect on the anesthesia animal orwithout anesthesia, blood pressure normal or hypertensive animals. Four kindsof ingredients of Sharpleaf Uncaria Stem withHooks reduce blood pressure and negative heart rate effects. strengthorder: Isorhynchophylline> rhynchophylline> Rhynchophylla

total alkaloids> Uncarianon-alkaloids [1]. The rhynchophylline is one of Sharpleaf Uncaria Stem withHooksthe major active compounds, has a significant antihypertensiveeffect. The rhynchophylline inhibit the vasomotor center, block the sympatheticganglion, the peripheral vasodilatation, resistance decreased; rhynchophylline hada direct vasodilator effects [2]. Sharpleaf Uncaria Stem withHooks had better antihypertensive effects [3]. (2) anti-arrhythmiceffects: the rhynchophylline has a role in arrhythmias, increasing myocardialexcitability, extension of the functional refractory period; inhibiting thepositive staircase phenomenon and rabbit aortic strips I, II phase contraction;slow down the mouse oxygen consumption rate [4]. (3) protective cerebralischemia and hypoxia effects: the rhynchophylline had cerebral cortex neuronsL-type calcium channel blocking effect, to reduce intracellular calciumoverload, and improve the hypoxic brain metabolic disorders [5], protectiveeffect against cerebral ischemia [6]. (4) inhibition of platelet aggregationeffect: the rhynchophylline significant inhibits thrombin, decreases cyclicadenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentration, promotes plateletdepolymerization, improves the ability of red blood cell deformability and suppressesthe adverse factors on damage of red blood cell deformability [7].

2 Anti-tumor activityRhynchophylla totalalkaloids had reversal effect on multidrug [8]. ursolic acid of Uncariamacrophylla  non-alkaloids components caninhibit L2OS osteosarcoma cells and solid tumors, have anti-tumor effect in vivoor in vitro [9].

3 Antiepileptic effectsThe Uncaria had the inhibitory effect of synaptic transmission in thecentral nervous system, with the antiepileptic effect [10].

4 Nerve block: Rhynchophylla total alkaloids had nerve block anesthesiaand spinal anesthesia effects [11].

5 Immune function: Uncaria granules inhibit Ⅳ allergic reaction, phagocyticimmune function and immune organs etc. [12].

6 Relieving asthma: Rhynchophylla total alkaloids can prevent asphyxia [13].

 
[Clinical trial]

1.ADHD: 86 cases of patients were treated with Fufang Goutengyin (Gouteng10g, Jiangchan5~10g, Nvzhenzi10g, Hanliancao10g, Honghua3g, Danshen5~10g, Zhenzhumu15~30g) as the treatment group. Another 40 cases were treated with Jingling oral liquid as the control group. Three months as one course of treatment for both groups, patients were taken medicine 1~2 course of treatment continually. Results: in the treatment group, 29 cases were cured, 42 cases had significant effect, 13 cases had effect, two cases were invalid, the overall effective rate was 98.8, cured rate was 82.5; in the control group, two cases were cured, eight cases had significant effect, 20 cases had effect, ten cases were invalid, the overall effective rate was 75, cured rate was 25. The effect of the two groups had significant difference. In the follow-up visit of year, only one case was recrudesced[1].

2. Cluster headache syndrome: 32 cases of patients were treated with Goutengwugongjiejing decoction(Gouteng15g, Wugong, Caihu, Quanxie, Chuanxiong6g, Jiangchan12g, Juhua, Changpu10g). Results showed that 18 cases were cured, 12 cases’ condition had improved, two cases were invalid, the overall effective rate was 94%[2].

3. Aural vertigo:  28 cases of patients were treated with Goutengzhexie decoction, this recipe consist of Gouteng40g, Zhexie40g, Chishi30g, Shengbaizhu30g, Jiangchan10g (12g Jiangbanxia and 20g Huoxiang were added into if nausea and vomiting accompany; 10g Shichangpu were added into if patient had obvious tinnitus; 30g Zhenzhume and 6g Wuweizi were added into if insomnia accompany ). Results: all patients' condition was stable after treatments. 16 patients' vertigo were disappeared when 1~3 prescriptions were taken, at the follow-up visit of half year, no relapse occurred; 12 patients' vertigo were disappeared when 4~7 prescriptions were taken, at the follow-up visit of half year, no relapse occurred[3].

4. Essential hypertension: Patients were treated with Xinjiagouteng tablet(consist of Gouteng, Huangqin, Huanglian, Zhexie and Luhui, etc), three times a day, three tablet for each time, one month as one course of treatment. During the treatment, no other antihypertensive drugs were given. Results: after two weeks' treatment, eight cases had significant effect, 14 cases had effect, ten cases were invalid, the overall effective rate was 66.7; after four weeks' treatment, 14 cases had significant effect, 11 cases had effect, the overall effective rate was 89.3; at the end of the eighth week, only one case was invalid, the overall effective rate was 96.4[4].

5. Pertussis: 60 cases of patients were treated with 6g Gouteng and Bohe. The herbs were boiled with water and taken one prescription a day. Paroxysmal convulsive cough and duration had reduced after three prescriptions were taken; cough stopped when six prescriptions were taken[5].

 
[Properties]  
[Medical and other Uses]  
[Dosage]  
[Cautions]  
[Traditional usage]

1.       Facial paralysis

2.       Dizziness due to hypertension, and neurotic headache

3.       Numbness of the whole body

4.       Hemiplegia

5.       Haematemesis

6.       Fetal irritability, eclampsia of pregnant women due to blood deficiency with wind-heat invasion

7.       Night crying of infants

 
[Toxicological studies]  
[Pharmaceutical preparations]  
[References]

Pharmacology Actions:
[1] Wen-xue Yuan et al.,
Acta Physiologica Sinica,
1962, 25 (2): 161.

[2] Tianjin drugs accounted for Inspection, Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs communication, 1974, (4): 216.

[3] Ting-xin Zhang et al., National Medical Journal of China, 1978, 58 (7): 408.

[4] Xie-xun Guo, Journal of Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1959, (1): 46.

[5] Jie Chu et al., Pharmacology and Clinics of Chinese Materia Medica, 1993, 9 (4): 14.

[6] Jing-shan Shi et al., Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 1989, 3 (3): 205.

[7] Qi-hong Wei, Japanese Journal of Pharmacology, 1990, 95 (2): 47.

[8] Chang P. et al., J. Ethaopharmaool. 1989, 25 (2): 2.

[9] Endo K. Planta Med, 1983, 49 (3): 188.

[10] Xin-min Liu et al., Primary Journal of Chinese Materia Medica, 1990, 4 (11): 27.

[11] Xin-min Liu et al., Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1991, (2): 51.

[12] Jin-quan Shi, Kampo Medicine (Japan), 1986, 10 (1): 21.

[13] Guo-xiong Liu et al. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 1983, 4 (2): 114.

Clinical trial:

[1]Qian Jing. Clinical Observation of Fufang Goutengyin on the Treatment of ADHD. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica,2004,29(9):911

[2]Ji DongShi. Goutengwugongjiejing decoction in Treatment of Cluster headache syndrome in 32 Cases. Shaanxi Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2001,22(8):472

[3]Meng        QinSheng, et al. Goutengzhexie decoction in Treatment of Aural vertigo in 28 Cases, Journal of Hebei Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacology,1997,12(1):19

[4]Tian XiangTong, et al. Observation of therapeutic effect of Xinjiagouteng tablet in treating Essential hypertension. Hubei Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2001,23(11):28

[5]Li LiHua, Zuo ShuMin, Jin Huiru, et al. The report of Gouteng and Bohe in treatment of Pertussis in 60 cases. Hebei Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 19884:36.