It also contains epicatechin, catechin, octacosanoic acid, tetracosanoic-2，3-dihydroxypropyl ester, rutin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid)^[2].

1. Impact on the proliferation and differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal stem cells: Fill, the rat’s stomach with 0.26g / kg Eucommia for 4 days.Then prepare rat which contains Eucommia with concentration of 20%. Under the contains of external development, traditional Chinese kidney medicine has some facilitating effect on the proliferation of bone marrow stromal stem cells in varying degrees. But it has on obvious effect on its osteogenic differentiation. The main mechanization of other diseases is that there is some facilitating effect or the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells [1].

2. Regulation of blood pressure: The high and middle dose group of Eucommia can significantly improve the sensitivity of mice on insulin and can well interfere with insulin resistance. What’s more, the sensitizing of insulin in the decoction with high doses of Eucommia may be superior to rosiglitazone. The Eucommia has Bidirectional modulation of on blood pressure [2]. Rats Fill the rat’s stomach with lignans (150 and 300 mg / kg) for 14 consecutive days, using the colorimetric measurement to measure the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) in the plasma and using radioimmunoassay measurement to measure the contain of angiotensin, angiotensin II and calcitonin gene-related peptide in plasma. Then it can be found that after giving rats with Eucommia lignans, the blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) slow declines. And the external experiment shows that the minimum toxic dose of 1 mg / mL. The Eucommia Lignans can relax blood vessel in 20 minutes and can continue to decline for a long time. Lignans can vasorelaxation of thoracic aortic vascular rings and mesenteric arteries depending on doses (P <0.05). However, its effect on relaxing mesenteric arteries has no relation with endothelial integrity. This shows that Eucommia lignans can effectively lower blood pressure and its effects on lowering blood pressure may be related to the system of increasing NO and the system of inhibiting renin-angiotensin as well as the relaxing blood vessels [5]. Observing on rat aorticrings in order to find the effect that the vessels gives on induced by calcium-dependent and extracellular calcium-dependent which is induced by Noradrenaline(NA). And the results shows that Eucommia can inhibit NA form inducing extracellular Ca2 + influx which can cause the contraction of vascular smooth muscle. What’s more it can be friend that the channel of VSMCs calcium has blocking effect which may be related to the mechanism of dilating of blood vessels and the lowering blood pressure[6]. Inject the anesthesia rats with the Eucommia decoction and inject the anesthesia rat’s veins with the decoction or alcohol extraction of intravenous fluid can cause rapid and long-lasting antihypertensive effect. The decoction is better than alcohol extraction and the cooked Eucommia is better than the health Eucommia[1,2]. If animals’ original blood pressure is pretty high, after injecting the decoction repeatedly in short time, rapid tolerance phenomenon will happen[3]. Giving the decoction to the poor renal hypertensive for dogs four weeks, their systolic blood pressure decreases only 4% to 10% [4]. In recent years, the preliminary study proves the main components to lower blood pressure is the dextral rosin phenol grape glycoside. And injecting only 30mg / kg DRPGG into SHR vein can lower the blood pressure significantly [5]. The mechanism of Eucommia lowering the blood pressure hasn’t been described clearly. Moreover, both atropinization and the cuting off the bilateral vagus. Never affect its antihypertensive effect which indicates that the parasympathetic nervous system has nothing to do eith its antihypertensive effect [2]  .

3. The function on anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV virus): using a variety of polar solvents to extract Eucommia aqueous and using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of to test the extracted samples. The results show that the the Eucommia antiviral active ingredient exist in the site of ethyl acetate extraction. Using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to test the inhabitation effect that the Eucommia ethyl acetate extract  has on HIV-1 transmembrane protein(gp41) the result is consistent with previous experiment. The result is that Eucommia ethyl acetate extract can effectively inhibit the formation of 6-helix bundle and in some degree depend on doses. This results imply that the inhibitory activity effect of Eucommia may be specific [3].

4. Insulin resistance effect: Using 3 different concentration Eucommia which respectively one  0.5g/ml, 1.5g/ml, 3. 0g/ml to fill the rats’ stomach for two weeks, it can be found that both the high and middle dose group of Eucommia can significantly improve the sensitivity of mice to insulin and can well interfere with insulin resistance. Moreover, the high doses of Eucommia decoction’s insulin sensitizing effect may be superior to rosiglitazone [4] .

5. Impact on immune function: The alcohol extraction of Eucommia decoction can inhibit rats’ delayed-type hypersensitivity induced by 2,4 – dinitrochlorobenzene can resist the decreasing of T cell antagonism caused by large doses of hydrocortisone, can increase the percentage of T cells in the blood vessel around sarcoma S 180 mice and can enhance the phagocytic function of peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis. So the functions of Eucommia’s bark, leaves, branches and recycled leather are similar [6].. The alcohol extraction of Eucommia’s bark, leaves, branches and recycled leather can enhance the function of tuck carbon filtration rate in the mouse blood and the function of peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis swallowing red blood cells of chicken and can inhibit the decreasing of cell’s swallowing function which is induced by hydrocortisone [7]. The above preparation has no effect on the formation of rat’s serum no matter the serum is normal or suppressed by ring CTX and has no effect on the mice’s rapid hypersensitivity induced by pollen. These results suggest that Eucommia can adjust the balance of cellular immune function, but it has little effect on the humoral immune [8] .

6. Impact on Pituitary - adrenal system function: Fill the rats’ stomach with Eucommia decoction 6g/ kg for consecutive 16 days. This can lead to the decreasing of peripheral eosinophils fine saturation and lymphocytes of mice can increase the liver glycogen and blood sugar, can result in the thymic atrophy and can increase the cortisol levels in plasma. This shows that Eucommia’s function is to excite the pituitary-adrenal cortex system which is similar to the function of Eucommia’s leaves, branches and regeneration of skin [9] . 

7. The effects on the uterine : the high concentration of Eucommia decoction can resist the exciting function of pregnant mice or isolated uterus induced by the posterior pituitary vasopressin and acetylcholine[10]. The decoction or alcohol extraciont of Eucommia can also inhibit the normal or pregnancy rats as well as can resist the excitement that acetylcholine has on uterine [11]. Both the Eucommia charcoal and sand iron Eucommia decoction has inhibitory effect on mices’  uterus in vitro and can resist the excitement caused by posterior pituitary vasopressin [12]. The Eucommia decoction can also resist the excitement of rabbits’ isolated uterus that caused by posterior pituitary vasopressin which has weaker excitement effect on mices’ isolated uterus [12].

8. Diuretic: Born of Eucommia, fry Eucommia decoction or its decoction extraction all have diuretic effects on anesthetized dogs by injecting in vein. Even if the antihypertensive effect and rapid tolerance phenomenon has already happened to dogs, it still shows diuretic effect [3]. Filling the mices with Eucommia decoction or its extraction can also has the diuretic effects [2]

9. Others: Filling the mice’s enterocoelia with Eucommia decoction 20g/kg or filling mice’s stomach with Eucommia decoction 60g/kg can both reduce their spontaneous activity [12]. The hot plate test proves that injecting mice’s enterocoelia with Eucommia decoction or alcohol extraction can show a significant analgesic effect [2.6] . Filling the mice’s with Eucommia leather, alcohol extraction can inhibit egg white foot swelling [1]. Using hydrocortisone in mices with born of Eucommia or salt Eucommia can increase the ability of low lever of red cell superoxide dismutase. Then the weight of adrenal increase as well as the spleen [13]. . After mice filled with Eucommia alcohol extraction, the content of plasma adenosine 3',5'-cyclicmonophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate was significantly increased. The function of Eucommia leaves, branches and regeneration skin are similar [14]

1. Cerebral infarction: QiangLiTianMa capsule was composed of TianMaand DuZhong  of the compound oftraditional Chinese medicine preparation, 42 cases of acute cerebral infarctionwere treated; Another 30 cases selected compound DanShen injection was controlgroup . Three times per day, for 28 days. Results: treatment group ofsignificant efficiency and efficient were significantly higher than the controlgroup (P < 0.05) ^[1].

2Treatment of hypertension:TanMa Du Zhongtang was composed of DuZhong ,GouQi,NiuQi,et,al.treatment 90 cases of elderly hypertension patients were treated, a dose perday, a course per 10 days. blood pressure was measured for 1 times per day, theresults were observed after treatment of 2 course . 39 cases were shew effective, accounting for 43.3%; 47 cases were valid, accounting for 52.2%; 4 cases wereinvalid , accounting for 4.5%, the total efficiency rate was 95.5%^[2].

3.Treatment of knee osteoarthritis: All cases were oral ibuprofen. The treatmentgroup taking Yishen TongluoJi,that was composed ofDuZhong,HuaiNiuQi,ShenJinCao,et al, 1 agent per day, 20 days per course oftreatment, a course the treatment results were evaluated. the treatment groupand the total effective rate were better than the control group (P < 0.01) ^[3].

4.Treatment of transient ischemic attack: DuZhong 15 g, chuanxiong 15g, HongHua 10 g, were fried together in water, 2 times per day, for 2 months, inone or two months the patients were follow-up to record transient ischemicattack for 12 ~ 26 months. Results: 18 patients were markedly improved, 7 caseswere improved , 3 cases were invalid, the total effective rate was 89%^[4] .

5. The treatmentof chronic myelogenous leukemia: taking DiHuang DuZhongTang that was composed of ShengDi,ShuDi,DuZhong,etal,whichcould be made into capsule, oral pill, could also be soup, 1 agent per day, acourse per month, it was general 3 ~ 10 courses of treatment. Results:  in 80 cases of patients, 40 patients werecomplete remissed, 29 cases were partly remissed , 7 cases were invalid, thetotal effective rate was 91.25%^[5].

1. debilitated with excess sweating, especially at night
2. lumbago due to the kidney deficiency
3. dribble of urine,itching in the pudenda

4. Hypertension
5. Stroke, spasm of muscles and vessels

6. Cholera twitch
7.  fetal irritability in the first three months of pregnance
8. Frequent abortion,  or abort in the first three to four month

1. Zhimaikang Capsule: pu’er tea, hawthorn fruit, lotus leaf, notoginseng, motherwort fruit, radishseed, fleece flower root, eucommia bark, loranthus mulberry mistletoe, root andvine of manyprickle acanthopanax, milkvetch root, rhubarb(processing with wine),pueraria root, chrysanthemum flower, sophora flower.

2. Jinqianbaihuashe Medicinal Liquor: agkistrodon snake, black-tail snake, nuxvomica(prepared), acanthopanax bark,  wilford granesbill herb, obscured homalomenarhizome, difengpi bark, tangerine peel, safflower, medicinal cyathula root, chinesecassia bark, eucommia bark, liquorice.

3. Shufeng Dingtong Pill: nux vomica powder, ephedra, frankincense(processing with vinegar), myrrh(processingwith vinegar), cinnamom twig, notopterygium root, pubescent angelica root, ledebouriellaroot, obscured homalomena rhizome, chaenomeles fruit, difengpi bark, achyranthesroot, eucommia bark(stir-frying with salt-water), pyrite(calcining), liquorice.

4. Shujin Pill: nux vomica powder, ephedra, notopterygium root, pubescent angelica root, cinnamomtwig, ledebouriella root, frankincense(processing with vinegar), obscuredhomalomena rhizome, difengpi bark, achyranthes root, dipsacus root, eucommiabark(stir-frying with salt-water), chaenomeles fruit, liquorice.

5. Fengshiding Tablet(Capsule): root of Chinese alangium, paniculate swallowwortroot, dahurian angelica root, liquorice.

6. Jinhuoluo Pill: chaenomeles fruit, scorpion, medicinal cyathula root, eucommiabark(carbonizing), dipsacus root, chinese angelica root, all-grass oftuberculate speranskia, aucklandia root.

7. Zhonghuadieda Pill: root of Chinese stephania, all-grass of Japanese St.John’swort, stellatecraibiodendron, stem of climbing entada, holly root, capejasmine fruit, Chineselobelia herb, Root and Rhizome of Ripqrian Greenbrier, root of sheepear inula, all-grassof diverse wormwood, soda-apple nightshade herb root, garden balsam seed, Kadsuracoccinea, achyranthes root, small centipeda herb, leaf of Hongkong dumquat, rhododendronmolle；root of cochinchina cudrania, shinyleafpricklyash root, common claoxylon root and leaf, pubescent angelica root, preparedcommon monkshood mother root, red eucommia bark, suberect spatholobus stem, linderaroot, nutgrass flatsedge rhizome, clove, cinnamom twig, cochinchina momordicaseed, atractylodes rhizome, camphor.

8. Waiyongwudi Plaster: frankincense, myrrh, safflower, nux vomica, red peony root, sappan wood, parisroot, notoginseng, draconis resin, cochinchina momordica seed, dried rehmanniaroot, prepared rehmannia root, chinese angelica root, scutellaria root, dangshen,white atractylodes rhizome, atractylodes rhizome, common monkshood mother root,kusnezoff monkshood root, common clubmoss herb, all-grass of tuberculatesperanskia, pubescent angelica root, longpeduncle kadsura stem, stem of kadsurapepper, clematis root, long-nosed pit viper, root of Chinese alangium, all-grassof henry chloranthus, root or seed of angularcalyx scopolia, root-bark ofChinese hydrangeavine, root of shortstalk monkshood, dipsacus root, fortune’sdrynaria rhizome, obscured homalomena rhizome, eucommia bark, rhesus macaquebone, loranthus mulberry mistletoe, root and vine of manyprickle acanthopanax, achyranthesroot, sea horse, epimedium, chinese cassia bark, dahurian angelica root, asarumherb, poria, cuttlebone, hairy vein agrimony, borneol, honeysuckle flower, flavescentsophora root, belvedere fruit, common carpesium fruit, coptis root, rhubarb, scutellariaroot, phellodendron bark.

9. Xiaozhong Zhitong Tincture:root of green ardisia, root of punctateardisia, common fibraurea stem, capejasmine fruit, burreed tuber, zedoary, chuanxiongrhizome, aucklandia root, eagle wood, acanthopanax bark, achyranthes root, redeucommia bark, ledebouriella root, schizonepeta, dahurian angelica root, Menthol,asarum herb, cinnamom twig, paniculate swallowwort root, shinyleaf pricklyashroot, camphor. 

10. Hupohuanjing Pill: prepared rehmannia root, dried rehmannia root, desertlivingcistanche(stir-frying with wine), eucommia bark(carbonizing), wolfberry fruit, dodderseed, flatstem milkvetch seed, cochinchinese asparagus root, ophiopogon root, anemarrhenarhizome, dendrobium, coptis root, phellodendron bark, dangshen(removing LU), chineseyam, poria, chinese angelica root, chuanxiong rhizome, amber, buffalo hornpowder, anteplope’s horn powder, seed of feather cockscomb, chrysanthemumflower, bitter apricot kernel(removing peel and stir-frying), orange fruit, liquorice(stir-fryingwith honey).

11. Qianglitianmaduzhong Capsule: gastrodia tuber, eucommia bark(processingwith salt water), medicinal cyathula root, Chinese viscum herb, scrophulariaroot, dried rehmannia root, chinese angelica root, prepared aconiteroot(prepared), prepared kusnezoff monkshood root, notopterygium root, pubescentangelica root, Chinese lovage.

12. Qiangshen Granule(Tablet): pilose antler, ginsengstem and leafsaponins, psoralea fruit, eucommia bark, wolfberry fruit, mulberry fruit, preparedrehmannia root, dogwood fruit, chinese yam, poria, oriental water plantainrhizom, mutan bark, motherwort, red sage root.

13. Shenyankangfu Tablet: ginseng, american ginseng root, chinese yam, dried rehmannia root, eucommiabark(stir-frying)glabrous greenbrier rhizome, hedyotis, black seed of soybean, orientalwater plantain rhizom, cogongrass Rhizome, red sage root, motherwort, platycodonroot.

14. Fuguifengshi Plaster: fresh ginger, fresh scallion, aconite root, kusnezoff monkshood root, chinesecassia bark, evodia fruit, cinnamom twig, asarum herb, ephedra, dried ginger, notopterygiumroot, pubescent angelica root, atractylodes rhizome, chuanxiong rhizome, dahurianangelica root, ledebouriella root, arisaema tuber, giant typhonium tuber, galangaresurrectionlily rhizome, frankincense, myrrh, chinese angelica root, borneol, Menthol,chinese cassia bark oil, aucklandia root, magnolia bark, clove, tangerine peel,liquorice, dried rehmannia root, eucommia bark, medicinal cyathula root, obscuredhomalomena rhizome, fortune’s drynaria rhizome, difengpi bark, songariacynomorium herb, tuber onion seed, epimedium, methyl salicylate.

15. Anshen Zanyu Pill: pilose antler, deer’s tail, deerhorn glue, ass hide glue , dried humanplacenta, tortoise carapace and plastron, fresh water turtle shell(processingwith vinegar)dogwood fruit(processing with wine), dodder seed, desertlivingcistanche(processing with wine), songaria cynomorium herb, achyranthes root, wolfberryfruit, dipsacus root, eucommia bark(processing with salt water), loranthusmulberry mistletoe, psoralea fruit(processing with salt water), preparedrehmannia root, chinese angelica root, white peony root, chuanxiong rhizome, ginseng,white atractylodes rhizome, （stir-fryingwith bran）, poria, liquorice, milkvetch root, orientalwater plantain rhizom, wild or spring jujuba seed(stir-frying), longan aril, polygalaroot(prepared), amber, safflower, saffron, suberect spatholobus stem, red sageroot, medicinal cyathula root, frankincense(processing with vinegar), nutgrassflatsedge rhizome(processing with vinegar), corydalis tuber(processing with vinegar),bupleurum root, aucklandia root, eagle wood, tangerine peel, lindera root, Chineselovage, purple perilla leaf, nutmeg(roasting), amomum fruit, pummelo peel, driedrehmannia root, coastal glehnia root, cochinchinese asparagus root, scutellariaroot, phellodendron bark, sweet wormwood, swallowwort root, large-leaf gentianroot, cockcomb inflorescence, red halloysite(calcining), silkwadding(carbonizing)carbonized hair, argyi leaf(carbonizing).

16. Shenrongbaotai Pill: pilose antler, eucommia bark, dipsacusroot, dodder seed(stir-frying with salt-water), loranthus mulberry mistletoe, dangshen,white atractylodes rhizome(stir-frying)poria, chinese yam, prepared rehmanniaroot, chinese angelica root, white peony root, chuanxiong rhizome(processingwith wine), ass hide glue , longan aril, argyi leaf(processing with vinegar), scutellariaroot, amomum fruit, nutgrass flatsedge rhizome(processing with vinegar), pummelopeel, tendrilleaf fritillary bulb, notopterygium root, stir-fried liquorice.

Chemical Composition：

[1]State Administration Of Traditional Chinese Medicine Material Medical Editorial Board .Chinese Material Medical .Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific And Technical Publishers，1999,5:458(Total 1005).

[2]Sun Yanrong Dong Junxing Wu Shuguang. Studies On Chemical Constituents From Eucommia Ulmoides Oliv.Chinese Herbal Medicine,2004,27(5):341.

Pharmacological Effects:

[L]Fan Weiheng. Pharmaceutical Bulletin,1979,14(9):404.

[2]Xu Wenfu. Fujian Traditional Chinese Medicine,1959,4(4):168.

[3]Wang Junmo. New Chinese Traidtional Medicine,1955,7(1):37.

[4]Jin Guozhang. Chinese Journal Of Physiology,1956,20(4):247.

[5]Cherles S. J Am Chem Sac, 1976, 98(17):5412.

[6]Tu Shilun. Chinese Medicinal Herb,1985,15(9):399.

[7]Tu Shilun. Chinese Medicinal Herb,1983,14(8):353.

[8]Tu Shilun. Chinese Medicine Report,1985,11(3):182.

[9]Tu Shilun. Chinese Medicinal Herb,1982,13(6):264.

[10]Wang Qin. China Journal Of Chinese Materia Medica,,1989,14(11):661.

[11]Li Jubao. Chinese Medicinal Herb,,1986,(6):33.

[12]Xu Shilun.Guizhou Medicine News,1982,(4):15.

[13]Li Xianping. Proprietary Chinese Medicine Research,1988,(1):15.

[14]Xu Shilun. Chinese Medicinal Herb,1986,17(5):204.

Clinical Trials:

[1]Shen Xiang, Wang Guodong, Zhao Yongbo. Evaluation Of The Clinical Effect In The Treatment Of 42 Patients With Acute Cerebral Infarctions With Qiangli Tianma Duzhong Capsule. Chinese Traditional Patent Medicine,,2006,28(11):1602.

[2]Wang Yonggong.Tianma Du Zhongtang In The Treatment Of Senile Hypertension 90 Cases. Journal Of Practical Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine,2007,21(16):49.

[3]Li Youwei Yishen Tongluo Therapy In The Treatment Of Knee Osteoarthritis In 30 Cases. Shanxi Journal Of Traditional Chinese Medicine,,2008,29(4):440.

[4]Zhang Fangyuan.Chuanxiong, Safflower, Eucommia Ulmoides In Treatment Of 28 Cases Of Transient Ischemic Attack.World Health Digest,2008,5(8):129.

[5]Shi Zhongzhou.By Du Zhongtang In The Treatment Of 80 Cases Of Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia. Guangming Journal Of Chinese Medicine,,2008,23(6):792.

Toxicology:

[L]Fan Weiheng. Chin Pharm Bull1979,14(9):404.

[2]Jin Guozhang. Chinese Journal Of Physiology,1956,20(4):247.

[3]Xu Shilun. Chinese Medicinal Herb,1986,17(5):204.