[1]Anticancer:AELS in acertain concentration induces HL-60 cells′ apoptosis,suggesting that to inducethe tumor cells to apoptose themselves is one of the very mechanisms of AELSantitumor activity. The cell body was found to become minified under the lightmicroscope,chromatin contracted deeply,and apoptotic bodies formed;gelelectrophoresis showed a characteristic DNA staircase curve[1].

2.Immunosuppression： Immunocompetence oflymphocytes and M cells were suppressed greatly by ethanol extracts ofCaesalpinia Sappan L. Watery extracts of Caesalpinia Sappan L can affect Tcells function. Ester extracts of Caesalpinia Sappan L can affectimmunocompetence M and Nk cells. Supernant IL-2 in mixed lymphocyte culturedropped in watery and ethanol extracts of Caesalpinia Sappan L groups.Conclusions Different extracts of Caesalpinia Sappan L have defferentimmunosuppressive function. Ethanol extract of Caesalpinia Sappan L has thestrongest immunosuppressive function[2].

[3]Antibiosis：Caesalpinia sappan had significant inhibitory andbactericidal effects, and the minimal inhibitory concentrations of Caesalpiniasappan,Galla chinensis,Herba euphorbiae and Pomegranate bark for 4 pathogenicVibrio sp.were among 0.78～6.25 mg/ml, the minimal bactericidal concentrationswere 3.12～12.5 mg/ml[3].

4.Antioxidant: Caesalpiniasappan showed anti-lard and anti-lipo peroxidation capacity atdose-dependent.The pigment had strong scavenging effect to superoxideanion(O-2·)and hydroxyl radical(·OH)[4].

5.The central nervous protection :Brazilein might protect neurons bychanging the charge of energy[5].

1. The treatment of acute soft tissue injury: Sumuheji as  treatment group: 180 cases werecured , 18 cases were powerfully, 12 cases were effective, 1 cases was invalid,the total effective rate was 99.53% ^[1].

2 Bruises and sprains : Sumu 60g, 126 patients were treated, theeffective rate was 94.4%^[2].

1.       Traumatic injury

2.       Finger amputated, and other knife wound

3.       Rheumatoid arthritis

4.       Lockjaw preventing speech due to blood-wind

5.       Amenorrhea with feverish dysphoria and pain

6.       Postpartum faintness

7.       Cervical cancer ( qi stagnation and blood stasis)

1. Ganfule Tablet： dangshen, freshwater turtle shell(processing with vinegar), paris root, white atractylodesrhizome, (stir-frying), milkvetch root, poria, coix seed, peach kernel, groundbeetle, rhubarb, curcuma root, sappan wood, oyster shell, barbated skullcupherb, patrinia, tangerine peel, nutgrass flatsedge rhizome(prepared), eaglewood, manchurian aristolochia stem, oriental wormwood, bupleurum root.

2. Huazheng Huisheng Tablet： motherwort,safflower, gadfly, burreed tuber, (stir-frying with vinegar), leech, driedlacquer(calcining), Chinese asafetida, corydalis tuber(stir-frying withvinegar), chuanxiong rhizome, frankincense(stir-frying with vinegar),myrrh(stir-frying with vinegar), trogopterus dung(stir-frying with vinegar),cat-tail pollen(carbonizing), sappan wood, rosewood, rhubarb, musk, turmeric,nutgrass flatsedge rhizome(stir-frying with vinegar), bitter apricotkernel(stir-frying), purple perilla seed, common fennel fruit(stir-frying withsalt water), clove, evodia fruit（stir-fryingwith liquorice）, chinese cassia bark,galangal rhizome, pricklyash peel(carbonizing), argyi leaf(stir-frying),rhizoma anemones raddeanae, ginseng, chinese angelica root, white peony root,prepared rehmannia root, fresh water turtle shellglue.

3. Tianhezhuifeng Plaster: kusnezoff monkshoodroot, common monkshood mother root, ephedra, asarum herb, notopterygium root,dahurian angelica root, pubescent angelica root, galangal rhizome, chinesecassia bark, clematis root, centipede, snake slough, stem of kadsura pepper,lindera root, safflower, peach kernel, sappan wood, red peony root,frankincense, myrrh, draconis resin, chinese angelica root, achyranthes root,dipsacus root, Chinese silkvine root-bark, borneol, knoxia root, muscone,chinese cassia bark oil, Menthol, hot pepper oil extractum, basil oil, camphor,methyl salicylate, laurocapram.

Chemical Composition, ：

[1]State Administration Of Traditional Chinese Medicine Material Medical Editorial Board .Chinese Material Medical .Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific And Technical Publishers,1999,4:376(Total 1016).

[2]Xu Hui; Zhou Zhihua And Yang Junshan.Study On Chemical Constituents Of Caesalpinia Sappan L.CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA, 1994,19 (8):485.

[3]SHU Shi-Hui,HAN Jing-Lan,DU Guan-Hua,Et Al.A New Flavonoid From Heartwood Of Caesalpinia Sappanchina Journal Of Chinese Materia Medica,2008,33(8):903.

[4]ZHAO Huan-Xin,BAI Hong,LI Wei,Et Al.Study On Chemical Constituents Of Caesalpinia Sappan L.Food And Drug,2010,12(5):176.

Pharmacological Effects:

[1]ZHANG Hong ,PIAO Jinhua,REN Liansheng,TANGYing,TIAN Feng ,A study on aqueousextract of lignum sappan inducing HL-60 cell apoptosis, [J]. Chinese Remedies &Clinics,2002,2(1):16-17.

[2]YU Bo , HOU Jing-bo , LU Hang , et al. Effectsof different competents of Caesalpinia Sappan L on immunocompetence of ratimmunocytes[J].Chinese Journal of Critical Care Medicine,2002,22(4):187-189.

[3]LIANG Li-guo, YANBin-lun, ZHANG Xiao-jun,QIN Guo-min, YANG Jia-xin2,Study on the antibacterial effects of common Chineseherbs against four pathogenic Vibrio sp. in vitro[J].Progressin Fishery Sciences, 2010,31(2): 114-119.

[4]QI Le-le,CHENXue-min,,WANG Wei,,ZHANG Sheng-wan,Study on the stability and antioxidation of pigment from Caesalpiniasappan L[J].2012(1) :121-127.

[5]LI Huiying,CHENYunyun,LEI Fan,HU Jun,LAN Jiaqi,CHAI Yushuang,XING Dongming,DU Lijun ,Effect of brazilein on energy metabolism of cerebralischemia-reperfusion in mice. China Journal of ChineseMateria Medica, 2010,35(18):2444-2448.

Clinical Trials:

[1]Zhu Yueping, Zhou Haiping.Polygonum Red Brazilwood Liniment In Treatment Of 57 Cases Of Acute Sprain.Shandong Journal Of Traditional Chinese Medicine,1996,11(3):681.

[2]Luo Jiaxing.Hematoxylin Treatment Of Bruises And Sprains 126 Cases Of Police. Fujian Journal Of Traditional Chinese Medicine,1960(6):15.

Toxicology:

[1]Ren Liansheng,Et Al. China Journal Of Chinese Materia Medica,1990,15(5):306