The whole plant contains n-alkanes(C₂₃-C₃₃), isoalkanes (C₂₉-C₃₃), ester (C₁₈-C₃₂), free alcohols (C₂₀-C₂₆), stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, aliphatic alcohols (C₁₀-C₃₂), stearic acid, cholesterol, free acids (C₄-C₃₃), campesterol, oleic acid, linoleicacid, rutin^[1];

The stem and leaf contains: hentriacontane, α-spinasterol, lysine, methionine, cystine, tryptophan, alanine, serine, valine, leucine ^[1];

The roots contains: α-spinasteroloctacosanoate, β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyransyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-(1→3)-oleanolicacid, β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-spinasterol, β-D-glucopyranosyl-(l→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-spinasterol^[1].

Taste: sweet; property: slightly cold; slightly toxic.

Function: dispel heat from blood to stop bleeding, eliminating dampness and heat, removing toxin for eliminating carbuncles

Syndromes to be treated: gastrorrhagia, blood in the stool, hemorrhoid blood , cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, diarrhea, vaginal discharge, painful urination, sore throat, eczema, carbuncles, snake bites

Oral administration: decoction, dry 9～15g, fresh 30～60g .

Topical application: in right amount, or wash with the decoction, or smashed and smear on the skin.

Forbid to be used in the patients with asthenia dysentery for long time and pregnant women. This herb has slightly toxicity, excessive dosage side effects such as dizziness, nausea, vomiting.