Common Achyranthes Herb - China and Thailand medicinal plants professional database

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[English Name]	Common Achyranthes Herb
[Chinese Name]	土牛膝
[Pinying Name]	Tuniuxi
[Latin Name]	Achyranthis Asperae Herba
[Genera]	Amarantaceae
[Efficacy]	Antipyretic drug
[Pictures]	Plant picture	Drug picture

[Alias]
[Source]
[Plant morphology]
[Distribution]
[Gathering and processing]
[Characteristics]
[Ecology]	It grows in hillside forest、river bank and valley dankness area.
[Chemical composition]
[Pharmacological activities]	1 Cardiovascular system effects: twoalkaloids extracted from Common Achyranthes Herb can make the heart ofanesthetized dogs contractility strengthened, increased blood pressure,breathing briefly excited [1]. Common Achyranthes Herb seed can enhance thecontractility of isolated frog heart, the guinea pigs heart and the reign ofrabbit heart. This saponin mixture also can enhance the tension of the weakheart and weak papillary muscle contractility, but the shorter duration ofaction [2]. Common Achyranthes Herb Saponins perfused to isolated rat heart,can enhance the activity of phosphorylase a [3]. Common Achyranthes Herb Alkalimade dog and frog blood vessels expand, blood pressure, heart rate slow, and itcan also increase the magnitude of the respiratory frequency [4]. 2 Anti-fertility effects: CommonAchyranthes Herb benzene or chloroform extracts have thecontraceptive effect on mice [5]. The benzene extract had abortion effects [6].Both of methanol and acetone extracts can inhibit rat pregnancy, the acetoneextract can inhibit rat embryos implanted [7]. The butanol extract had thecontraceptive effect. The benzene extract also shows the obvious role ofnutrition uterus [8]. 3 Anti-bacteria: Common Achyranthes Herbdecoction had different levels antibacterial effects on Staphylococcus aureus,beta streptococci, diphtheria bacilli, Bacillus anthracis, Salmonella typhi,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Shigella [9]. Common Achyranthes Herb powder andzinc suspension had bactericidal effects on Aspergillus flavus, Epidermophytonfloccosum, and plaster-like spores monocytogenes [10]. The essential oilsextracted from Common Achyranthes Herb can inhibit Aspergillus mycelium growth [11]. 4 The other effects: two alkaloids of CommonAchyranthes Herb had antagonism effects on intestinal and uterine smooth musclespasm and alleviateanti-diuretic effect [1]. CommonAchyranthes Herb had a slight antipyretic effects [4].
[Clinical trial]	1. Disease of pharynx and larynx: (1) 100 cases of patients were treated with Fufang Tuniuxi mixtre (Tuniuxi, Gangmeigen and Banlangen). Results showed that the cure rate for throat discomfort, faucitis, acute tonsilitis and chronic tonsilitis that cause by flu were 97.7％,95.6％,100％ and 91.6％, the overall effective rare was 97％^[1] . (2) 243 cases of diphtheria patents were treated with Tuniuxi and Shangge decoction and 188 cases were cured, the cure rate was 77.4％^[2]. The infect rate of 242 children in the diphtheria epidemic district were observed. 150 children were taken the Tuniuxigen decoction and only two children were infected(1.33％); 92 children were not given the herbs and four children were infected(4.44％). Resutls showed that this herbs have significant effect for prevention of diphtheria infect^[3]. 2. Upper respiratory tract infecton: 62 cases of patients were treated with Fufang Tuniuxi granule, three times a dsy, 10g for each time (children take less), three days as one course of treatment. Results showed that 30 cases were cure, 16 cases had significant effect, ten cases' condition had improved, six cases were invalid, the overall effective rate was 90.3%^[4].
[Properties]
[Medical and other Uses]
[Dosage]
[Cautions]
[Traditional usage]	1. Chilblain 2. Stranguria in men and women, retention of urine 3. Amenorrhea due to blood stagnation
[Toxicological studies]
[Pharmaceutical preparations]
[References]	Pharmacology Actions: [1] Kapoor VK. Ind J Pharm, 1967, 29 (10): 285. [2] Gupta SS. Ind J Med Res, 1972, 60 (3): 462. [3] Ram AK. ndian J Physiol Pharmacol, 1971, 15 (3): 107. [4] Neogi NC. Indian J Pharm, 1970, 32 (2): 43C A, 1970, 73: 2416. [5] Sen-yue Pei, Foreign Medical Sciences. Chinese medicine Chinese medicine Volume, 1985, 7(5): 286． [6] Pakrashi. Indian J Exp Bol, 1977, 15 (10): 856. [7] Prakosh AO. Int J Crude Durug Res, 1986, 24 (1): 19. [8] Wadbwa V. Planta Med, 1986, (3): 231. [9] Lingling regional health and epidemic prevention station. Hunan Journal of Medicine, 1974, (4) 50: (5): 49． [10] Khosa RL. C A, 1974, 80: 19501. [11] Misra T. Phytochemistry, 1995, 31 (5): 1811. Clinical trial: [1]Huang Jiemei. Preparation and Observation of Clinical Curative Effect of Fufang Tuniuxi mixture. Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials,2004,27 (8):622. [2] Panyu county people's hospital. The report of Curative effect observation of Achyranthes longifolia Mak Combining with Sang Ge soup intreatment of diphtheria in 243 cases . Guangdong Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,1958,(7):2 0. [3] The second people's hospital of Foshan area. Observation of Achyranthes longifolia Mak Root Soup in Prevention Diphtheria in 242 Children in Diphtheria Epidemic Region for Three Month. Guandong Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,1958,(11):13. [4]Wu Zhaohua. Manufacture and Observation of Clinical Effect of Compound TunNiuXi particle. Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials,2005,28(12):1140.