Puncturevine Caltrap Fruit - China and Thailand medicinal plants professional database

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[English Name]	Puncturevine Caltrap Fruit
[Chinese Name]	蒺藜
[Pinying Name]	Jili
[Latin Name]	Tribuli Fructus
[Genera]	Zygophyllaceae
[Efficacy]	pingganxifengyao
[Pictures]	Plant picture	Drug picture

[Alias]
[Source]
[Plant morphology]
[Distribution]
[Gathering and processing]
[Characteristics]
[Ecology]	1、It grows in waste hill、field side and field. 2、It grows in coastal sand beach or waste land.
[Chemical composition]
[Pharmacological activities]	1Anti myocardial ischemia: Gross saponins of tribulus terrestris (GSTT) has protectiveeffects on acute myocardial ischemia induced by ligating left coronary arteryin rats, which is closely related to decrease absolute value of ST-segment, enhancingremovement of free radicals by increasing SOD content, inhibiting the leakageof MDA, and decreasing the myocardial infarct size[1]. 2 Cerebral ischemiareperfusion injury action: The levels of CK, LDH, NO, SOD and MDA in TST(30 mg·kg -1, 10 mg·kg-1) groups were significantly lower than those in modelgroup. The level of cellular and intercellular edema was reduced markly in thepathomorphology examination. The neurological deficits was decreased by TST[2]. 3 Reducing Hyperlipoidemia: Fructus tribuli candecrease cholesterol, and inhibit fat deposition on arteries, myocardium andliver [3]. 4 Lowered bloodsugar: Tribulus terrestris decreased significantly blood sugar level, serum andpancreas lipid peroxidation (LPO) and increased serum insulin in alloxandiabetic mice and improved their glucose tolerance [4]. The decoction ofTribulus terresteis could significantly inhibit the gluconeogensis andinfluence glycometabolism on normal mice. The decoction could also reduce thelevel of triglyceride and the content of cholesterol in the plasma [5]. 5 Diuretic：Tribulusterrestris fruithad obvious diuresis action to dogs [6]. 6 Imporved sexfunction: GSTT can promote sperm production, and enhance the viability ofsperm, increased libido, and promote the estrus of female rats, improve thereproductive capacity, and no toxicity and teratogenicity [7]. 7 The others:Tribulus terrestris had remarkable antithrombotic and analgesic activity [8].They both expressed prominent anti-chronic inflammatory effect. The extracts oftribulus terrestris inhibit tyrosinase activity [9].
[Clinical trial]	1. Calcaneal spur: Patient's legs were macecate into the Jili vinegar extract for 30 min each time, once or twice a day. 90 cases of patients were treated with this medicine, pain was eased after 3~5 days, pain was disappeared after 15 day's treatment. Only seven cases were relapsed, but condition were stable when treated again^[1]. 2. Gouty arthritis: 500～600g Jili were mash up with vinegar and applied on the ankle and keen joint, once a day, 1~2 hour for each treatment, 30 days as one course of treatment. There 28 cases were treated for three month, 22 cases were cured(78.6%), six cases had effect(21.4%), the overall effective rate was 100%; 23 cases' UA became normal, five cases' decreased and symptoms of pain were disappeared, compared before the treatment, UA had significant difference(P<0.001). At the follow-up visit of two years, 17 cases were cured, the cured rate was 65.4%, seven cases' condition had improved, two cases were invalid, the overall effective rate was 92.3%^[2].
[Properties]
[Medical and other Uses]
[Dosage]
[Cautions]
[Traditional usage]	1. Carbuncles and boils 2. Conjunctival congestion with pain and itching, dim sight with photophobia and excessive tearing due to ascending wind toxin in liver and kidney 3. Eyes disease, cataract 4. Frequent aphtha 5. Common cold with headache, fever and pain on all joints 6. Cough with stinking bloody pus due to lung abscess and consumptive lung disease 7. Stuffy distention or pain in chest caused by chest obstruction 8. Jaundice 9. Referred pain on lower abdomen induced by hernia 10. Infantile diarrhea 11. stabbing pain in chest and vomiting clear fluid in Ascariasis case 12. Tinea pedis of all kinds 13. Itching caused by wind, bi syndrome 14. Vitiligo 15. Scrofula with incessant pus 16. Distention in breast with lactation disorder, lump with pain due to breast malignant tumors 17. Extravasated blood accumulation or forming benign tumor
[Toxicological studies]
[Pharmaceutical preparations]
[References]	Pharmacological Actions: [1] Ri-fang Liao, Feng Peng, Guo-cheng Li et al., Protective Effects of Gross Saponins of Tribulus Terrestr is on Acute Myocardial Ischemia Induced by Ligating Left Coronary Artery in Rats, Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials, 2003, 26 (7): 502. [2] Xue-yun Wang, Hong Li, Protective effects of total saponins of tribulus on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats, Chinese Pharmacological Bulletin, 2005, 22 (1): 111. [3] Ben-yu Qian, Tribulus Terrestris study overview, Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials, 1990, 12 (1): 34. [4] Ma-li Feng, Yu-peng Wu, Yan-hua Yang et al., Hypoglycemic Effect of Puncturevine Caltrap (tribulus Terrestris), Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials, 1998, 29 (2): 107. [5] Ming-juan Li, Wei-jing Chai, Shu-di Zhe et al. Tribulus terrestris water decoction of gluconeogenesis in glucose metabolism in mice, Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials, 2001, 24 (8): 586. [6] Sangeeta D, Sidhu H, Thinds K,et al. Effect of trribulus terrestrison oxalate metabolism in rats. J Ethnopyarcol, 1994, 44 (2): 61. [7] Jun-ling Li, GSTT chemical and pharmacological studies overview, Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2006, 24 (8): 1509. [8] Qin Shi, Qun Zhang, Luo-shan Xu et al., Comparative Pharmacological Study on the Fruits of Tribulus Terrestris and Atriplex Centralasiatica, Acta University Medicinalis Secondae Shanghai, 2000, 20 (1): 42 . [9] Yan-li Li, Li Zhong, Li-hong –Liang, The Experimental Studies of Six Kinds of Chinese Medicines Inhibiting Tyrosinase Activity, Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research, 2002, 13 (3): 129. Clinical trial: [1]Gong WeiWei. The Treatment of Jili vinegar extract on Calcaneal spur, Shandong Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine，2005，24(10):597． [2]Duan Fei. Clinical Observation of Tribuli Fructus on the treatment of Gouty arthritis in 28 cases. China Pharmaceuticals, 2000，9(l0):41.