This crude drug is the fruit of Phyllanthus emblica L. (family: Euphorbiaceae).

In China, this species is distributed in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Taiwan, Jiangxi, Hunan and Zhejiang; and the crude drug is produced in Sichuan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou and Yunnan.

The ripe fruit is picked in the autumn and dried in the shade.

1 Anti-atheroscleroticplaque: Emblica officinalisinhibited the atherosclerotic plaque area as shown by 39%, depressed thecarotid artery atherosclerotic plaque degrees by 28%, reduced the plaqueelastic fibers contents by 33%, decreased the average layers of bubble cells by47% [1]. Emblic leafflower fruit prevents from the formation of experimentalatheromatous plaque in rabbit probably by regulating rabbit lipid metabolism,inproming anti-oxidation to reduce lipid peroxidation and protectingendothelial function to inhibit the expression of artery intima ET-1 gene [2].Phyllanthus emblica L., which is widely used in treatment ofatherosclerosis-related diseases and associated with ox-LDL by the solubletannin, Phy-13 (beta-1-O-galloyl-3,6-(R)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-d-glucose), andits analogue Phy-16 (1,6-di-O-galloy l-beta-d-glucose)[3].

2 Antimicrobial activity: Theextracts of Phyllanchus emblica L. had antimicrobial activity to the staphylococcusand typhoid bacillus [4]. The extracted oils have a high antimicrobial activityagainst the original contaminating bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcusaureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Saccgaromyces cerevisiae and Aspergillusoryzae [5].

3 Antioxidant activity: The antioxidant activities of theoils were evaluated using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and linoleicacid peroxidation assays. The EC50 value of the emblica essential oils forscavenging DPPH radicals (11.2±1.6 μg/mL) was higher than that of BHA andα-tocopherol, while the oils exhibited higher inhibition activity thanα-tocopherol in the linoleic acid system. PhyllanthusEmblica L influence free radical reaction in rats and mice, enhance markedlythe activity of SOD and the level of serum Zn and Cu, and decrease the contentof serum LPO [7].

4 Antihepatitis: The extraction of P emblica was able to reduce the content ofALT, malonyldialdehyde Alkaline Phosphatases and superoxide dismutase (MDA) and liver index. Moreover, it alsoincreased the activity of SOD and promoted the synthesisof liver glycogen. P. emblica have a good role inanti-liver fibrosis induced by porcine serum inrats [8-10].

5 Antitumor: The gallicacid is cytotoxic to the variety of the cancer cells [11].

6 The others:Phyllanthus emblica L contains rich vitamine C and has nourishing effect [4]. Phyllanthus emblica could inhibitthe formation of cotton ball granuloma, reduce the levels of serum TNF-α, IL-1βand NO [12]. The Phyllanthus emblica L fruit inhibited the RT of HIV-1 [13]. Phyllanthus emblica L. improved the activities of SOD,GSH-px, and reduced the contents of MDA, LPF significantly [14]. PELwater-extracts can prolong the duration of loaded-swimming and anti-hypoxiatime of mice, significantly decrease the contents of blood lactic acid, bloodurine nitrogen, and increase the contents of hepatic glycogen and bloodhemoglobin, significantly improved the activity of blood lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)[15]. Fructus Phyllanthi can raise the insulin and the glucagon, accelerate fatdissolving, raise FFA in blood and muscles, and economize Gln decrement [16].

1.       Common cold, fever, cough, sore dry mouth, polydipsia, lack of Vita-C

2.       Asthma

3.       For Globefish toxication ( take the fresh Yuganzi), and for fishbone chock

4.       Hypertension

5.       Lung cancer

6.       Vomiting due to food retention, abdominal pain, and diarrhea