This crude drug is the aerial part of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. (family: Rosaceae).

This species is a perennial herb with a short rootstalk which usually produces buds from the base. The stem is sparsely covered with pubescences. The leaves are odd-pinnately compound, alternate, each including 3-4 pairs of leaflets; the stipule is sickle-shaped; the leaflets fall into 2 types in size, the big ones alternating with the small ones along the leaf rachis; the leaflet blade is obovate to obovate-lanceolate, 1.5-5cm long, 1-2.5cm wide, acute to blunt or rarely tapered at the apex, wedge-shaped at the base, acute- to blunt-toothed at the margin, displaying distinct glandular spots. The raceme occurs on top of branch; each flower has 5 triangularly ovate sepals, 5 long-round yellow petals, 5-15 stamens and 2 styles. The fruit is an obovoid-obconical achene showing 10 low ridges and sparsely covered with soft hairs on the surface, with hooked spines at the top; the hooked spines are straight when the fruit is young and gather inward at maturity.

This species is mainly distributed in Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi and Sichuan in China.

The aerial part is gathered when the branches and leaves are flourishing and before the flowers occur in the very year when the seed is sowed or in the second year; then it is cut into segments which can be used when fresh or after dried in the sun.

The whole plant is covered with white soft hairs. The stem is cylindrical in the reddish brown lower part, and square and slightly depressed in all sides in the upper portion where longitudinal furrows and ridges and nodes are present; it is light in weight and stiff and easily broken, the fracture section being hollow at the center. The leaves are odd-pinnately compound, alternate, dark green, shriveled, rolled, easily broken; the big leaflets alternate with the small ones along the rachis; the terminal leaflets are comparatively large; when spread, an unbroken leaflet blade is ovate or long-elliptical, pointed at the apex, wedge-shaped at the base, and serrate marginally. The raceme is slender; the calyx is tubular in the lower part and 5-lobed at the top, the tube bearing hooked spines at the upper portion; the petals are yellow. This crude drug has a weak smell and tastes a bit bitter.

The aerial part contains (2S,3S)-(-)-taxifolin-3-glucoside, (2R,3R)-(-)-taxifolin-3-glucoside, hyperoside^[1].

The herba contains agrimonine, agrimonolide, tannis, sterol, organic acid, phenolic
constituents, saponin, agrimol F, agrimol G, agrimonin A, agrimonin B, agrimonin C, luteolin-7-D-glucoside, cosmosiin, volatile oil ^[2].

The rhizome contains, apigenin-7-β-glucoside, vitaminC, vitaminK, agrimophol, agrimonolide, vanillic acid, l-taxifolin, ellagic acid, pseudoaspidin, agrimonolide-6-O-β-D-glucoside, p-coumaric acid, ellagic acid-4-O-β-D-xylopyranoside, tormentic acid^[2], triterpenoid saponin^[3], 2α-,19α-dihydroxy-ursolic acid-(28-1)-B-D- glucoside ^[3], daucosterol^[4], p-hydroxycinnamic acid, nonacosane, β-sitosterol^[5], pseudoaspidin, agrimo1 B^[6], agrimol A, agrimol C, agrimol D, agrimol E^[7,8], agrimopho1^[9], ellagic acid-4-O-β-D-xylopyranoside, ellagic acid^[10], agrimoniin^[11]; trace element: Ca, P^[12].

1. The water extract of Agrimoniae Herba could obviously prolong the mouse bleeding time, plasma prothrombin time and inhibit platelet aggregation^[1-3].

2. The extract of Agrimoniae Herba has an inhibiting effect on human cervical carcinoma cell line Hela and JTC26, mouse sarcoma cell line S180^[4-6].

1. Bronchiectasis hemoptysis:the treatment group of 26 cases treated with large doses of xianhecao (Hairyvein Agrimonia Herb), dahuang(rhubarb) Decoction for ultrasonic atomizing inhalation; the control group of 25 cases treated with anti-infection foundation treatment. Results showed that after 1, 2, 3 courses of treatment ,the efficiency were significantly higher 12.3%, 23% and 33.7% than the control group, after 3 courses ,the total efficiency was 88% ( P < 0.05 ) ^[1].

2. Meniere's disease: 100 cases in the treatment group treates with xianhecao(Hairyvein Agrimonia Herb) Decoction; the control group of 100 cases treated with 654-2 ivgtt, flunarizine po, 3 times a day ,3 days for 1 course. Results showed that after the first course of treatment, the curative rate was 82% in treatment group, 63% in the control group. (P<0.01); after the second course of treatment, the total curative rate was 96% in treatment group, 82% in control group ( P<0.01 ) ^[2].

3. pelvic inflammation: 48 cases were treated with Compound xianhecao(Hairyvein Agrimonia Herb) cream ( xianhecao(Hairyvein Agrimonia Herb) 500g, baijiangcao(Patrinia),yiyiren (coix seed )each300g, wulingzhi(trogopterus dung),pugongying(Mongolian Dandelion Herb) each200g, taoren(Peach Seed), qumai (dianthus superbus), bianxu(Polygonum aviculare),xiangfu(Nutgrass Galingale Rhizome), Tubei chong (Eupolyphaga Steleophaga)each 100g, honghua(Safflower)50g. ) 7g each time, 3 times daily, 10 days as 1 courses. Results showed that 25 cases were cured, 20 cases were obviously effective, 3 cases improved ^[3].

4.Tapeworm disease: 14 cases treated with two kinds of powders:①xianhecao(Hairyvein Agrimonia Herb) winter buds, dried and grinded into coarse powder, added lime water, dried and got yellow powder, each dosage adult took was 1.4 ～2.2g② fresh dongya dried and crushed, 50g for each dosage. Results showed that the first powder for treatment of 12 cases, 10 cases were effective after taking drug 5h, 2 cases were invalid. Second kinds of powder for treatment of 2 cases , all were effective after taking drug 6h ^[4].

5.Lateral epicondylitis ( tennis elbow ): 32 cases of tennis elbow were treated with xianhecao(Hairyvein Agrimonia Herb) Decoction (xianhecao(Hairyvein Agrimonia Herb),sangzhi(Mulberry Twig), yinhua ((Honeysuckle Flower) each30g, baishao( white Herba Peony)20g, jianghuang(radix curcuma),gancao(radix glycyrrhizae) each10g, dazao(Common Jujube)10 ) .Results showed that 23 cases were cured; 6 cases were effective; 3 cases invalid ^[5].

6. Trichomonas vaginitis: xianhecao (Hairyvein Agrimonia Herb) fluid rinsed the vagina, 1 times a day, 10 days for 1 course. Results showed that 187 cases were cured, the curative rate was 94.14%, 158 cases were cured after a course of treatment, 29 cases were cured after two courses of treatment, 11 cases improved ,accounted for 5.6%, the total efficiency was 100% ^[6].

7. Chyluria: 31 cases were treated with based on xianhecao (Hairyvein Agrimonia Herb) Continuous therapy for 10 days as 1 course. Emphasis on the damp, added cheqianzi(semen plantaginis )20g (packet fried), tufulin(Glabrous Greenbrier Rhizome) 30g, Emphasis on the deficiency of spleen and kidney,added Shengdi(Radix Rehmanniae)20g, shanyao(Rhizoma Dioscoreae)15g, qianshi(semen euryales )20g. Results showed that 31 patients were taking 3 courses, 20 cases were cured, 7 cases improved, 4 cases ineffective. The total efficiency was 87.1% ^[7].

1. Unbearable pain due to carbuncle on the back

2. Acute mastitis: this herb can eliminate the disease at its initial stage, fester and decrease the abscess at eruption stage

3. Incised wounds

4. Traumatic injuries

5. Poisonous snake bites

6. Epistaxis and gum bleeding

7. Hemoptysis and hematemesis

8. Consumptive disease spitting blood and hemoptysis

9. Allergic purpura

10. Red and white dysentery

11. Hematuria

12. Hematochezia

13. Summer-heat stroke

14. Impairment caused by overstrain

15. Anemia, weakness and energy withering

16. Malaria with abdominal distention, onset every day,

17. Infantile malnutrition

[3]Hsu MF, Young JH, Wang JP, et al. Effect of hsien-ho-t'sao (Agrimonia pilosa) on experimental thrombosis in mice. Am J Chin Med. 1987;15(1-2):43-51

[4]Cui Jiong-mo, Ge Yan-ru, Han Hui-lan, et al. Inhibition effect of ether extract from Agrimonia Pilosa Ledeb on Hela cell. Journal of Medical Sciecnce Yanbian University, 1999,(3):175-176.

[5]WangXian-qing, HuangZheng-chang. Clinical application and pharmacological review of agrimoniae herba. New Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,1985,(5):55-56.

[6]Cui Jiong-mo, Wang Ping. The preliminary research of Agrimonia Pilosa Ledeb antitumor function. Journal of Medical Science Yanbian University, 1993,4(16):284-285.

[7]Wang De-cai, GaoYun-sheng, ZhuYu-yun, et al. An experimental study of the alcohol extract of Agrimonia Pilosa Ledeb on the blood pressure and heart rate in rabbits. Journal of Taishan Medical College, 2003,24(4):319-321.
clinical test:

[1] Yang handong. Bronchiectasis hemoptysis treated with large doses of xianhecao(Hairyvein Agrimonia Herb) for ultrasonic atomizing inhalation.Journal of fenghu Medicine，1995 13(4):44.

[2] Zhang hanping，Ma qiong. clinical observation on Meniere's disease treated with large doses of xianhecao(Hairyvein Agrimonia Herb).Journal of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine，2008 30(2):41.

[3] Ma junjie，Si hongli. pelvic inflammation treated with Compound xianhecao(Hairyvein Agrimonia Herb) cream in 48 cases .Modern Journal of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine，2003 12 (7):717.

[4] Piao guangnan. Tapeworm diseas treated with xianhecao (Hairyvein Agrimonia Herb) in 14 cases. Chinese Chinese clinical doctors，1977(3):19.

[5] Fang jinmin，Zhu zenan，Wu zesan. Lateral epicondylitis treated with xianhecao(Hairyvein Agrimonia Herb) decoction in 32cases.Guanming Journal of Chinese Medicine，2006 21(9):85.

[6] Zhang xiuzhi，Zhang mengwei. Trichomonas vaginitis treated with xianhecao(Hairyvein Agrimonia Herb) fluid in 198 case.Journal of External Therapy of Traditional Chinese Medicine，1997 (4 ):19.

[7] Zhang lianli，Xin li，Lin yun. Observation on Chyluria treated with xianhecao(Hairyvein Agrimonia Herb) in31cases. Journal of Pathogen Biology，1999 12，(2):16