This crude drug is the whole plant of Fluggea virosa (Willd.) Baill.  (family: Euphorbiaceae).

This species is a perennial deciduous shrub hairless entirely. The stem is upright, with a reddish brown bark; the twig is edged. The simple leaves are alternate; the blade is nearly leathery, oblong-obovate to elliptical, obtuse apically, somewhat narrow or wedge-shaped at the base, 1-5cm long, 1-3.5cm wide, entire marginally, green on the upper side and grayish white underneath. The flowers are small, apetalous, light yellow, stalked and dioecious, occurring from leaf axils. The male flowers are numerous, arranged in clusters, and each have 5 petaloid sepals, 3-5 stamens and a big and 2-3-divided staminode; the stamens are alternate to the glands of the flower disc and their filaments are separate). Occurring solitarily or in clusters of several, the female flowers each possess as many sepals as a male one, a cup-shaped toothed flower disc and a 1-3-celled ovary (each cell containing 2 ovules). The capsule is bacciform, spherical and bears 3-6 seeds; its succulent epicarp turns white at maturity.

This species is distributed in Guangxi, Hunan, Guizhou, Guangdong, Tainwan and other areas in China.

The whole plant can be gathered anytime. After dug out, it is cleaned. It can be used when fresh or after dried in the sun.

The roots are slender, cylindrical, somewhat crooked, branched, unequal in length, 3-8cm in diameter, with a yellowish white surface showing longitudinal fine wrinkles and irregular cracks; on their fracture section, the dermal parts are narrow and easy to come off, and the yellowish white woody parts are much larger than the dermal parts. The blade is shriveled, nearly leathery, oblong obovate to elliptical, 1-5cm long, 1-3.5cm wide, obtuse and minutely pointed at the apex, wedge-shaped at the base, entire marginally, green on the upper side and grayish white on the lower side; the petiole is 3-6mm in length.

The whole plant contains 11-O-acetyl bergenin, bergenin, virosecurinine)，ent-phyllanthidine, kaempferol, quercetin, gallic aicd, daucosterol ^[1].

The roots contains norsecurinine, hordenine, virosine.

Anti-tumor activity: The alcohol extract of Poisonous Flueggea Herb leaves has significant anti-tumor effect. In vitro, it shows cytotoxic effects to tumor of oral cancer (KB), lung cancer cells (A549), human colon adenocarcinoma cells (HCT-8), leukemia cells (P388) and (leukemia L1210), etc., with the median effective dose ED50 less than 20μg/ml. The toxic securinine and toxic iso-securinine were two active compounds with anti-tumor effects isolated from the Poisonous Flueggea Herb. The ED50 value of toxic securinine to KB, P388, L1210, A549, HCT-8 tumor cells were 5.5μg/ml, 2.9μg/ml, 8.0μg/ml, 5.5ug1m1, 4.μg/ml, respectively. The ED50 values of toxic iso-securinine on P388 tumor cells was 0.9μg/ml, and the ED50 of the rest of above-mentioned tumor cells were greater than 10μg/ml [1].

Clinical reseach:
Neonatal Impetigo: Fresh Fluggeae Virosae Herba 250 g and the same amount of Senecionis Scandentis Hebra, boil with water for 10~15 min, pour into the basin and cool to 39℃~42℃. The operator holds children head and neck with one hand, and scrubs head and face several time gently with disinfection face towel infiltrated with solution(mentioned above). Then operator makes the children submerge under the liquid medicine, and holds the head and neck out of the water, scrubs chiidren baody out of water several time gently with disinfection face towel infiltrated with solution for 10 ~ 15 min, 3 days for a course, 1 ~ 2 times every day. The comparison group use the traditional method, disinfect impetigo surface and surrounding skin with 75% alcohol (burst place only disinfection surrounding skin, or irritation is too strong), and puncture the unbroken impetigo with sterile needle, and then coated with methyl violet, and follow the doctor's advice to antibiotic resistance to infection. Results: In the observation group,the total effectiveness was 89.47%, in the comparison group, the total effectiveness was 68.42%^[1].

1.       Traumatic injury and rheumatism

2.       Leukorrihea, varicella in children

化学成分 :

[1] Wang Guocai, Liang Jieping, Wang Ying, and so on. Rice tree chemical components. Chinese Journal of natural medicine, 2008,6 ( 4): 251

[2] State Administration of traditional Chinese materia medica editorial board. 《Chinese materia medica》. Shanghai: Shanghai science and Technology Press, 1999,12:858 ( total 3670).

药理作用 :

[1]Hiroshi Tatcermatso.[J]Pharm Sci.1991,80(4):325.