1. Expel Worms: Cortex meliae extract show a inhibit or palsy effect on Ascaris suum and Aspicularis tetraptera. Toosendanin is active compound. It can permeate polypide epidermis direct action on lumbricus muscles and cephalic ganglia, and then increase ATP catabolism induce shortage of energy provide, lumbricus became fatigue then was discard host.

2.Effect on Respiratory Center: Toosendanin induce respiratory depression or failure in animal model through depressant effect on respiratory center[8,9].

3. Effect on Neuromuscular Transmission Function and Cell：Toosendanin is a blocking agent selectivity action on presynaptic neuromuscular transmission through inhibit Ach releasing[10,11]. Toosendanin induce ecto-cell Ca²⁺ ions inflow but not influence calcium bank. Toosendanin can decrease ionic channel open, induce dopamine level change in rat rain, inhibit Ach release in rat cerebral cortex induce by high kalium ion[12-21]. Even more, Toosendanin can induce PC12 cell cytopathic effect and apoptosis through mitochondrial anaclitic apoptosis pathway[22,23].

4. Effect on Digestive System: Toosendanin show a like histamine or/and histamine release on rabbit myenteron and stimulant to voltage dependent calcium ion channels[24,25].

5.Anti Botulism: Toosendanin possess therapeutic action to lethal dose A or B type botulism in mice, monkey, rabbit model. It can inhibit A and B type botulinum to combine synaptosomes[26,27].

6.Effect on Cardiovascular System: Toosendanin show a inotropic action on heart through elongation APD and calcium channels open[28,29]. In addition, Toosendanin induce isolated frog heart allorhythmia but can recover itself through influence Ach release and calcium channels[30,31].

7. Anticancer: Toosendanin show a broad spectrum cytotoxic activity to human cancer cell, especially U937 and HL-60 cell line. The mechanism may be through cell apoptosis[32,33].

8. Analgesia and Antiinflammatory: Chinaberry-tree bark shows poor analgesic effect and strong anti-inflammatory activity through inhibit biosynthesis od prostaglandin[34].

9. Antithrombus: Chinaberry-tree bark extract inhibited platelet aggregation, Toosendanin may be active component[35]. In addition, chinaberry-tree bark extract significant prolongation plate thrombosis and clotting time in rat model induced by electrostimulation anesthesia[1].

10. Anti Ulcer and Diarrhea: Ethanol extract can advance bilification in anesthesia rats, inhibit gastric ulceration induce by water immersion stress and hydrochloric acid but without indomethacin alcohol[25]. In addition, Extract obviously decreas enteral diarrhea frequency induce by castor oil and sanna leaf[36].

11. Other Effects: Toosendanin can enhance rabbit enteral strain and contractility in vivo and vitro[37]. Chinaberry-tree bark infusion inhibit diverse pathogenic fungus and manson schistosomiasis[38,39].

12. Physiological Disposition: Toosendanin distribution swift and widespread in macaca mulatta, comparatively large inventory storage in tela and from high to low is gallbladder, liver, duodenum, spleen, kidney, stomach, medulla oblongata[40].

Kulianpi(neem skin)

1: Biliary Tract Ascariasis: compound of kulianpi(Chinaberry bark)decoction (kulianpi(Chinaberry bark) 60g, shijunzi(the fruit of Rangoon creeper)30g , yinchen(oriental wormwood) 20g, add water 500ml, decoct to 250ml.SimpleBiliary tract ascariasis type patients, take the decoction 2 agents a day, 2times for each agent, infection type, take this decoction and add dahuang(rheumofficinale), mangxiao(mirabilite) 15g, respectively(usage as above) curedbiliary tract ascariasis patients 86 cases. Results: all cured in three days ^[1].

2:Trichomonas vaginalis: fresh kulianpi(chinaberry velamen) 200g, add 1000~1500mlwater and boiling 20 minutes, filter to brown bitter liquid, inject 5ml intothe vagina every night by speculum, then put in a gauze ball which soak theliquid, and take it out next morning, 5~10 times for a course. Or take theactive principle of kulian skin with glycerin gelatin to make suppository,every one 3-5g, plug one in the vagina before sleep, every other day a time, 5days a course. Treatment 33 cases of vaginal trichomonad. Results: all curedafter a period of treatment or within a period of treatment. Review theleucorrhea handing drops, trichomonal all show negative ^[1].

3:Ancylostomiasis: The second skin of fresh kulian 60g (adult daily amount) waterdecoct 2~3h, decocted to 20~30ml as one time dose, continuous take 3 days.Treat ancylostome positive patient 121, recheck after take the medicine 7 dayslater. Results: 109 ancylostome patients turn into negative, positive in 12cases, curative effect of 90%. Another 90g this medicine, decoction and reviewlike above, treat positive ancylostome patients 200 cases. Results: 196 casesturned into negative, positive in 4 cases, curative effect of 98%. Only oneappeared diarrhea, another one had dizziness, abdominal pain, the rest withoutany adverse reaction.

1.Eczema

2.Fistula

3.Scabies

4.Unbearable abdominal pain induced by movement of roundworm day and night

5.Unbearable pain in children caused by parasitic disease

6.Ancylostomiasis

7.Oxyuriasis

8.Disease caused by five kinds of parasites

药理作用

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[4] Wu Tingkai.Compilation of Research Data(Sichuan Provincial Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine, Vol 4), 1996:59．

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[21]Wang ZF.Neuroscience Letters,2001,303(1):13．

[22]Shu XQ. Chin J Physiol Sci ,1993,9:253．

[23]Ye Qin, Zhou Zhuan. Effects of toosendanin on the [Ca²⁺] ion rat chromaffin cells, Chinese Journal of Neuroscience, 2001,17(2):105．

[24]Ji Yubin. The Pharmacological and Application of Chinese Medicine Effective Constituents. Heilung-kiang science and technology publishing company,1995.

[25]Cui Z .World Gastroenterol, 2002, 8(5):918．

[26]Li Peizhong, Zhou Jing, Miao Wuyang, et al. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 1982,13(6):28．

[27]Zhou Jianying. Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences academic Doctor Dissertation, 2005．

[28]Gao Xiaodong, Tang Shuben, Lu Jian, et al. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 1994,15(2):147．

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[30]Gao Xuemin. People’s Medical Publishing House,2000:867．

[31]Li MF.Eur Jpharmacol ,2004,501(1-3):71．

[32]Tada K,et al.Phytochemistry,1999,51(6):787．

[33]Zhang B. lnvest New Drugs,2005,23(6):547．

[34]Shen Yaqin, Zhang Mingfa, Zhu Ziping, et al. China Pharmaceuticals, 1998,7(10):30．

[35]Zhang Xiaoli, Xie Renming, Feng Yingju. Northwest Pharmaceutical Journal, 2000,15(6):260．

[36]Shen Yaqin, Zhang Mingfa, Zhu Ziping, et al. Primary Journal of Chinese Materia Medica, 2000,14(1):3．

[37]Zhang Maoyan, et al. Compilation of Research Data(Sichuan Provincial Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine, Vol 4). 1996:67.

[38]Cao Renlie. Chinese Journal of Dermatology, 1957,(4):286．

[39] Zhao Canxi.Chinese Science Bulletin, 1984,29(21):1334．

[40]Li Peizhong, Zhou Jing, Miao Wuyang, et al.Chinese Traditional and Herbal, 1982,13(9):408．