Bignose Rhinacanthus Branchlet and Leaf - China and Thailand medicinal plants professional database

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[English Name]	Bignose Rhinacanthus Branchlet and Leaf
[Chinese Name]	白鹤灵芝
[Pinying Name]	Baihelingzhi
[Latin Name]	Caulis et Folium Rhinacanthi Nasuti
[Genera]	Acanthaceae
[Efficacy]	huatanyao
[Pictures]	Plant picture	Drug picture

[Alias]	Xuancao, Baihelingzhicao, Jiahonglan, Xianhelingzhicao
[Source]	This crude drug is the branch and leaf of Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Lindau. (family: Acanthaceae).
[Plant morphology]	This species is a perennial shrub. The branches are haired when young. The leaves are opposite, with a short petiole; the blade is elliptical, 3-7cm long, 2-3cm wide, obtuse or acuminate at the apex, cuneate at the base, entire marginally, and haired on both sides, the veins being conspicuous on the lower side. The paniculiform cyme is compact, occurring on top of branches or from leaf axils on the upper part of the stem; the bract and bractlet are tiny; the calyx has 5 linearly lanceolate lobes which are covered with glandular hairs on both surfaces; the corolla is white, salverform, and covered with short hairs on the outer surface; the corolla tube is bilabiate in the upper part, the upper lip being narrowly lanceolate and apically concave, and the lower lip being 3-partite; each flower includes 2 stamens located on the throat of the corolla tube; each anther is composed of 2 locules, one on top of the other; the filaments stick out from the corolla; the ovary and the lower part of the style are sparsely covered with soft hairs. The capsule is long-elliptical, containing 2-4 hooked seeds.
[Distribution]	This species is distributed in Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi and Yunnan in China.
[Gathering and processing]	The branch and leaf are gathered in the summer and autumn. After collected and foreign substances are removed, they are washed, cut into segments and dried in the sun.
[Characteristics]	The branches and leaves are haired. The stem is green, conspicuously nodose, about 0.1-0.4cm in diameter. The leaves are opposite, short-stalked, becoming shrivelled when dry; a spread blade is elliptical, 3-7cm long, 2-3cm wide, obtuse or acuminate at the apex, cuneate at the base, entire marginally, and haired on both sides; the veins are distinct on the lower side of the blade. The cymes occur on top of branches.
[Ecology]	It grows wildly in hills or plain wasteland、road side、river side and so on.It prefers warm 、moist enviroment.If encounters frost in winter,leaves wither and fall off.There is not strict damand of soil,can be planted in all ordinary soil.It avoids waterlogging as taboos.
[Chemical composition]	The stems and leaves 3,4-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-2H-naphtho[2,3-b]pyran-5,10-dione. The flowers contains rutin^[1]. The roots contains lupeol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, rhinacanthin A, rhinacanthin B^[1]. The aerial part contains Rhinacanthin-C, Rhinacanthin-D^[2]. The whole herb contains flavonoid glycoside, phenols, amino acid, organic acid, tannins^[2].
[Pharmacological activities]	1. Anti-viral, anti-fungal: Naphthoquinone compounds extracted from the root of this plant crane Ganoderma lucidum quinone A, B, has anti-cytotoxicity. Extracted from the stems and leaves of 3,4 - dioxane - dimethyl - dihydro - naphtho [2,3-b] pyran -5,10 - dione] have anti-fungal activity [1]. Crane Ganoderma lucidum vitamin E and crane Ganoderma lucidum factors F have antiviral activity against influenza virus type A[2]. Crane Ganoderma lucidum benzoquinone composition 2, 6 - dimethoxy benzoquinone has anti-fungal, antibacterial, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory activity [3]. Crane Ganoderma vitamin C and crane Ganoderma lucidum vitamin D could significantly inhibit human and murine CMV activity [4]. 2. Antihypertensive: Rhinacanthus nasutus leaf wine mentioning concentrate has a significant antihypotensive effect, It also has excited breathing and heart rate slowing effects for the dogs at the same time, the effect only maintains a relatively short time. The antihypertensive effect of the rhinacanthus nasutus has rapid tolerance phenomenon. After continuous medication three times, the experimental step down, although not significantly reduce the half-period of limitation and maintenance time is greatly reduced. Route of administration, the efficacy difference was significantly for the best effect of intravenous, intramuscular and intragastric administration are a slight step-up phenomenon. Rhinacanthus nasutus root and stem decoction is also slightly boost [5]. 3. Anti-tumor: crane Ganoderma lucidum elements A, B, and C and G and H, I, K, M, N, Q have cytotoxic activity. Crane Ganoderma A in leukemia cell lines against P388, oral cancer KB lung cancer cell line A-549 human leukemia cells HL-60 human colon cancer cells HT-29 median effective dose ED50 (μg/ml) were 0.72, 6.75, 3.06, 1.16, 2.17 [6]. Crane Ganoderma lucidum prime B significantively inhibit activity against KB cells, and other anthraquinones compared with the same plant, the separation of the molecular lipophilicity can increase the toxicity of the cells [7]. Water or ethanol extract can regulate murine macrophage NO levels were indirectly regulating the expression of tumor necrosis factor [8]. 4. Inhibition of platelet aggregation: the crane Ganoderma lucidum elements A, B, C, G, H, I, K, M, Q-are anti-platelet aggregation. Crane Ganoderma lucidum element A has a platelet aggregation inhibition rate of 100% against agarachidonic acid and the rabbit platelet aggregation collagen-induced [6]. 5. Immunomodulation: crane of Ganoderma water and ethanol extracts are effective in promoting interleukin IL-2 and tumor necrosis factor TNF-αgeneration and proliferation [9]. 6. Anti-mutagenic: crane Ganoderma lucidum extract contains one or more of the suppression of chemical mutagens, anti-mutagen [10].
[Clinical trial]
[Properties]
[Medical and other Uses]
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[Traditional usage]	1. Varied tinea corporis and eczema2. Early stage of pulmonary tuberculosis
[Toxicological studies]
[Pharmaceutical preparations]
[References]	Chemical Composition: [1] State Administration Of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Editorial Board."" Chinese Materia Medica. Shanghai: Shanghai Science And Technology Press,1999,20:471( Total6487). [2] Wang Naiping, Xie Lisha, Liao Yuekui Crane Ganoderma Research Progress. Shanghai Medical Journal,2007,41(4):77 Pharmacological Effect [1] State Chinese Medicine Administration Bureau" Chinese Materia Medica" Editorial Board . Chinese Materia Medica ( Seventh Volumes) . Shanghai: Shanghai Science And Technology Press,2000:471. [2] Chen Bixiu. From Medicinal Plants, Ganoderma Lucidum Had Two New Anti Influenza Virus Activity Of Lignans . Foreign Medical Sciences: Traditional Chinese Medicine,1999,21(1):53 [3] Chen Huifang Plant Active Component . Beijing: Chinese Medical Science And Technology Press,2001,412 [4]Annasendl, Jian Lu Chen, S.D.Jolad, Twonewnaphthoquinones With Antiviral Activity From Rhina-Canthus Nasutus.Nat.Prod,1996,59(8):808 [5] Huang Chunlin, Yang Nizhi. Heart And Kidney Diseases Pro License Spring Forest Management Professor Of Clinical Essence . Guangzhou: Guangdong People's Publishing House,2000:392. [6]Wu Ts, Hsu HC.Rhinacanthin-Q, A Naphtho-Quinone Fromrhinacanrhus Nasutus And Its Biological Ac-Tivity .Phytochemisty,1998,49(7):2001 [7] Fang. Natural Antineoplastic. Advances In Studies On Active Constituents Of Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal,1993,28(8):456 [8]Punturee K, Wild CP, Vinitketkumneun U.Thaime-Dicinal Plants Modulate Nitric Oxide And Tumor Necrosis Factor--Alpha Inj774.2mouse Macrophages.J. Ethnopharmacol,2004,95(2-3):183 [9]Punturee K, Wild CP, Kasinrerk W.Immunomodulatoryactivities Of Centella Asiatica And Rhinacanthus Nasutus Extracts.Asina Pac Jcancer Prev,2005 Jul-Sep,6(3):396 [10]Rojanapo W, Tepsuwan A, Siripong P.Mutagenicity Andantimutagenicity Of Thai Medicinal Plants.Basic Life Sci,1990,52:447.