| [English Name] | Sanchi | |
| [Chinese Name] | 三七 | |
| [Pinying Name] | Sanqi | |
| [Latin Name] | Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma | |
| [Genera] | Araliaceae | |
| [Efficacy] | zhixueyao | |
| [Pictures] | Plant picture | Drug picture |
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| [Alias] | ||
| [Source] | ||
| [Plant morphology] | ||
| [Distribution] | ||
| [Gathering and processing] | ||
| [Characteristics] | ||
| [Ecology] | Sanchi is the yherbaceous perennial, annual growth cycle. Commonly,sanchi which above two-years old has two growth peak in one growth cycle, the nutritive growth peak from April to Jun and Reproduction peak from August to October.The germinating temperature of sanchi’s seed is 10 |
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| [Chemical composition] | ||
| [Pharmacological activities] |
1. Hemopoietic system: Panax notoginseng exhibits widely pharmacological effects on hemopoietic system such as stypticity, anti-platelet aggregation, thrombolysis, haemocylolysis, hemopoiesis and so on[1-28]. 2. Cardiovascular system: Panax notoginseng has the effects of inhibiting myocardial contraction, reducing the blood pressure, anti-arrhythmia, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-hypoxia, anti-shock, anti-cerebral ischemia and so on[29-68]. 3. Nervous system: Panax notoginseng has the effects of restraining central nervous system and avoiding insomnia, providing obvious abirritation, improving intelligence and anti-dementia[69-82]. 4. the water extract of Panax notoginseng and Panax Notoginseng Saponins exhibit obvious anti-inflammatory effect[83-91]. 5. Panax Notoginseng Saponins could improve humoral immunity, promote spleen lymphocyte proliferation and enhance natural killer cell activity[92-99]. 6. Panax Notoginseng Saponins has the protective function on liver, such as relieving hepatic damage caused by CCl4 and alcohol, inhibiting hepatic fibrosis, reducing the level of transaminase in serum[100-107]. 7. Panax notoginseng also exhibits other pharmacological effects such as: anti-tumor, delaying senility, regulating blood sugar level, promoting growing and so on[108-135]. |
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| [Clinical trial] | 1.Upper gastrointestinal bleeding: (1) the treatment group (110 cases) were treated with shentianqi injection for intravenous infusion. The control group (50 cases) treated with the western medicine. Results showed in the treatment group, 102 cases were cured, accounting for 92.73%; the patients of fecal occult blood test turn-negative were 93 cases in 8 days, accounting for 84.54%. In the control group, 40 cases were cured, accounting for 80%; the patients of fecal occult blood test turn-negative were 26 cases in 8 days, accounting for 52% [1]. (2) 60 cases of gastric hemorrhage treated with Sanqi(Panax notoginseng) powder for oral, 1.5g each time, 3 times daily. Results showed 58 cases were completly stopped bleeding, 2 cases were invalid [2]. 2.Hemoptysis:various types of recurrent hemoptysis patients were treated with oral Sanqi(Panax notoginseng) powder 0.6～0.9g, 2～3 times a day. Results showed 1 cases stopped bleeding after 5 days, 6 cases stopped bleeding after 10 to 30 days, 3 cases stopped bleeding after 31～60 days. 8 cases completly stopped bleeding, 2 cases started a small amount of hemoptysis after 1～2 week .Observation proved that it had effect on pulmonary disease and antitussive and expectorant effects, no case had side reaction. 3.Anterior chamber hemorrhage: (1) ethanol extraction of effective components of sanqi (Panax notoginseng) for iontophoresis. The time of treatment was 30min, 1 times daily, 2 times a day if serous illness. In the 70 cases of anterior chamber hemorrhage patients, Results showed that besides 2 cases of hemorrhagic glaucoma operation were invalid after 12 times treatment; the remaining 68 cases of hyphema were cured. Average bleeding absorption time was 4.09 days; the curative rate was 97.14%. No recurrence of bleeding and inflammation reaction [3]. (2) A total of 54 patients (degree I of 9 cases, degreeⅡof 14 cases, degree Ⅲof 11 cases, degree Ⅳof 20 cases)were treated with 10% Sanqi(Panax notoginseng) liquid eye used by pillow method and directed into the anterior chamber.Results showed that when compared to the bleeding time of complete absorption: degree I were cured in 1~3 days, degreeⅡwere cured in 2~7days, degreeⅢwere cured in 4~9days, degreeIV were cured in 6～15 days,the efficiency was100%.The occurrence of secondary glaucoma were 17 cases, 6 cases tested by Schiotz tonometer recovered normal intraocular pressure, Intraocular pressure measurement of 11 cases was Tn.Clinical proved that the method had good effect on repeated haemorrhages, old blood and associated with secondary glaucoma patients [4]. (3) 22 cases of early traumatic hyphema were treated with xueshuantong injection 6ml for iv. 1 ～2 times daily, 7～ 10 days continully. Results showed that the visual acuity of all patients improved significantly during the treatment period, visual acuity of simple hyphema and intraocular pressure was not more than 6.7kPa ( 50mmHg ) within 12h after injury recovered more than 0.9 [5]. 4.Traumatic vitreous hemorrhage: a total of 19 patients(Ⅰdegree of 4 cases , II degree of 9 cases, Ⅲ degree of 6 cases).were treated with 10% sanqi(Panax notoginseng) solution, directed into the eye.Results showed that when compared to the blood absorption time, degree I were cured in 10~ 30 days, the average time was 20days; degreeⅡwere cured in 13～36days, the average time was 24.5days; degreeⅢwere cured in 14～60days, the average time was 37days.1 cases of secondary glaucoma ruled byintraocular pressure measurement was 2.78kPa ( 22.40mmHg ) after 20 days treatment. no recurrence within follow up period [6]. 5. Central retinal vein occlusion: 64 cases were treated with sanqi(Panax notoginseng) injection for intravenous . 10 times for 1 courses, 2 to 3 courses of treatment. Results showed that 14 cases were markedly effective, accounting for 21.9%; 38 cases were effective , accounting for 9.4%; 12 cases were invalid accounting for 18.7%. The vast majority of patients had mental improvement and increased appetite, and no adverse reaction happened after drug infusion [7]. 6. Craniocerebral trauma: 40 cases were treated with Sanqi (Panax notoginseng) powder 3g for oral, Results showed that 17 cases were markedly effective (light of 9 cases, medium of 4 cases, heavy of 3 cases, 1 cases improved); 14 cases were effective (light of 5 cases , medium of 5 cases, heavy of 4 cases); 11 cases were ineffective (medium of 4 cases, heavy of 6 cases ,1 cases died due to the hematoma removed by craniotomy). Observation showed that it had good effect on light, medium degree of patients, all light degree of patients were effective.in the medium degree of patients, 9 cases were effective. Especially for the improvement of symptoms and recovery of consciousness in 2 ～3 days. 7. Postoperative abdominal pain: the treatment group (47 cases) was treated with sanqi (Panax notoginseng) powder when paroxysmal abdominal pain happened. 3 times a day, 3 ~5 days continully. The control group (20 cases) treated with Rotundine or bucinperazine for intramuscular injection. The two groups were followed-up after 3～6 years. Results showed that 40 cases of the treatment group did not happed abdominal pain after discharged, accounting for 85%; 7 cases hand a little abdominal pain due to diet or tired, accounting for 15%. 14 cases of the control group did not happed abdominal pain after discharged, accounting for 20%; 3 cases had recurrent abdominal pain, 2 cases effected manual work due to abdominal pain, 1 case operated again(intestinal obstruction ), accounting for 30%. Two groups had significant difference [8]. 8.Under the temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome : A total of 312 patients were treated with Sanqi(Panax notoginseng) tincture by drug cupping therapy, 5~7 times as a course, 1～2 courses according to the condition.Results showed that 85 cases were excellent , accounting for 27.24%; 105 cases were good, accounting for 33.65%; 82 cases were improved, accounting for 26.28%; 40 cases were invalid , accounting for 12.82%.the total efficiency was 87.17%. It had good efftec after 3~7 times generally, without any pain [9]. 9. Coronary heart disease:①a total of 263 patients with coronary heart disease were treated with guan xinning ( containing notoginseng saponin , etc), 3 times daily, 1 to 6 months as a course. Results showed that the efficiency of the symptoms of angina pectoris was about 84%. The vast majority of tightness in the chest, shortness of breath, fatigue and other symptoms improved, the efficiency was 66%～87% [10]. ②the treatment group was treated with renshentianqi capsule (renshen(Panax ginseng), sanqi (radix notoginseng). The control group was treated with some cardiotonic and vasodilator. 20 as 1 course. Results showed that the treatment group of 35 cases, 27 cases were markedly effective ,accounting for 77.1%; 7 cases were improved, accounting for 20%; 1 case was invald, accounting for 2.9%; the total efficiency was 97.1%. In the control group of 46 cases, 28 cases were effective, accounting for 60.9%; 15 cases were improved, accounting for 32.6%; 3 cases were invald, accounting for 6.5%; the total efficiency was 93.5%. The treatment group was superior to the control group; there were significant differences in the ratio of markedly cases [11] . 10. Cerebrovascular disease: A total of 78 cases treated withXueshuantong injection for intravenous drip, 1 times a day, 20 days for the 1 course. Patients were divided into light, middle, heavy degrees according to the disturbance of consciousness and paralysis. 4 cases were light, myodynamia was level 4; 44 cases were moderate, myodynamia was level 2～3; 30 cases were severe, myodynamia was level 0～1.Results showed that in 73 cases, 15 cases were cured, 35 cases were significant effective, 17 cases improved, the total effective rate was 91.8%, when compared to the compound Chuanxiong(Rhizoma Chuanxiong) injection group, the total efficiency was 94.5% similarly[12]. 11. Decreasing blood fat and cholesterin: ①A total of 10 cases treated with Sanqi(Panax notoginseng) powder for oral and continued for 1 month. Results showed that in 5 cases, the average of total lipid was 30.659mmol/L (1179.2mg %), 18.678mmol/L (718.4mg %) before treatment and after treatment. the average of phospholipid was 78.336mmol/L (242.6mg% ), 69.811mmol/L(216.2mg%)before treatment and after treatment in 10 cases, the average of cholesterin was 7.088mmol/L(272.6mg%)，4.81mmol/L (185mg%) before treatment and after treatment. the average of cholesterol ester was 4.246mmol/L ( 163.3mg% )，3.195mmol/L (122.9mg% ) before treatment and after treatment. the energy had more exuberant, symptoms of hypertension, coronary heart disease, cerebral arteriosclerosis relived,without significant side effects. ②74 cases of coronary heart disease and blood cholesterol (higher than 5.72 mmol/L ( 220mg% ) were treated with sanqi(Panax notoginseng).results showed that the average of blood cholesterol was 7.699mmol/L ( 296.1mg% ), 4.875mmol/L (187.5mg% ) before treatment and after treatment. the average decreased was 2.824mmol/L (108.6mg% ),the most decreased was 5.902mmol/L ( 227mg% ), the lowest was 0.26mmol/L ( 10mg% ). 63 cases decreased above 1.56mmol/L ( 60mg% ). 48 cases decreased 2.6mmol/L ( 100mg% ), accounting for 65.75%. 12.Anemia:①A total of 25 cases of prolapse of uterus in female patients (both with dizziness, palpitation and loss of appetite and other symptoms of anemia) were treated with sanqi(Panax notoginseng) total saponin injection for intramuscular injection.Results showed that 25 cases of subjective symptoms relieved or disappeared and appetite;increased ,blood hemoglobin increased, only more than 5 people less than 100g/L, the total efficiency was 80%, the average increased 20.8g/L, increased 24.36%, the difference was significantly; red blood cell count increased significantly, 18 cases increased, the total effective rate was 75%, 2 cases maintained the original level, 5 cases reduced. The average increased was 0.36× 1012/L, 11.34% increased, the difference was significantly. ②patients were divided into three groups: sanqi(Panax notoginseng) milk powder group of 218 cases, common milk group of 65 cases and the control group (first serviced ordinary milk, then served Sanqi (Panax notoginseng) milk powder) of 16 cases. 21 for 1 courses of treatment, observation of 1～3 courses. Results showed that : Sanqi(Panax notoginseng) milk powder group had obvious rise in hemoglobin and erythrocyte function than the ordinary milk group. After 42 days, hemoglobin of Sanqi(Panax notoginseng) group was increased to above 110g/L ( 118/100ml ), the rate of rise was 3.5 times of the common group; the number of red blood cells of Sanqi(Panax notoginseng) group rised 0.552× 1012/L ( 552000 /mm3 ), the common group rised 0.125× 1012/L ( 125000 /mm3 ). The red cell mean of Sanqi(Panax notoginseng) group increased up to above 3.8× 1012/L ( 3800000 /mm3 ). The Self control group, took ordinary milk for 63 days, the hemoglobin and the red cell were increased, but had not statistically significant, after took sanqi (Panax notoginseng) milk powder 63 days,the haemoglobin and red blood cells were increased up to above 110g/L( 118/100m1 ), above 3.83 × 1012/L ( 3830000 /mm3 ) respectively. The Reticulocyte of Sanqi(Panax notoginseng) group were increased significantly after 42 days, as the 154.6% of pre-treatment levels.while the common group slightly were reduced. The Self control group when treated with ordinary milk powder, no reticulocyte elevated, when treated with sanqi(Panax notoginseng) milk, reticulocytes obviously were increased, it proved that sanqi(Panax notoginseng) milk powder may had the hematopoiesis, Sanqi(Panax notoginseng) antianemic effect might be related to promoting bone marrow hematopoietic function. No obvious effects on leukocyte. The platelet count were increased slightly, but had not statistically significant. After took sanqi(Panax notoginseng) milk, patients had a good appetite, a better sleep, reduced the loss of cold and diarrhea .it was much better than that of the common group, two groups both had a small number of children happened dry stool, dry mouth and increased eye secretions [13]. 13. Alanine aminotransferase hypertension: Sanqi (Panax notoginseng) powder taken on an empty stomach, the course was 1 months. Result showed that 45 cases were observed, 34 cases were markedly effective, 10 cases were effective, 1 case was invalid. At the same time Sanqi (Panax notoginseng) on plasma proteins of chronic hepatic patients also observed. Results showed that 10 cases increased from average 3.45g% up to 4.0g%, Ig reduced from 4.0g% to 2.5g%, the average ratio of A/G increased from 0.86/1 to 1.6/1, it proved that sanqi (Panax notoginseng) powder had good effect on improving plasma proteins [14]. 14.Hepatitis：①renshentianqi injection for intramuscular or intravenous drip. 1 times a day, 3 to 4 months for 1 course. 65 patients were chronic hepatitis of refractory blood stasis type, 7 cases treated according to TCM syndrome differentiation, the other 58 cases were treated with renshentianqi injection. Results showed that 47 cases were markedly effective, accounting for 72.3%; 5 cases were improved, accounting for 7.7%; 13 cases were invalid, accounting for 20%; no worse case. The Efficiency was 80%. 35 cases ( 53.8%) were effective after invalid treatment of compound Danshen(Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge) injection and swiched to renshentianqi injection.it proved that renshentianqi injection had good effect on chronic hepatitis of blood stasis type, superior to Compound Danshen(Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge) injection. only 2 cases happened local scleredema occurrence, no side reaction [15]. ②A total of 53 cases of hepatitis (chronic, persistent hepatitis 49 cases)were treated with sanqi(Panax notoginseng) powder for oral, 3 times a day. Stop taking other drugs. Results showed that 41 cases were cured, 5 cases were markedly effective, 3 cases were ineffective; in the 4 cases of HBsAg positive hepatitis, 2 cases were cured, 1 cases were markedly effective, 1 cases were ineffective [16]. 15.Uterine prolapse : Sanqi(Panax notoginseng) shougong injection for intramuscular injection, 1 times daily, in addition, combining with acupoint injection. Results showed that 159 cases were cured or basically cured, accounting for 79.1%, 25 cases were effective, 12 cases proved, 5 cases were invalid, the total efficiency was 91.5%. 77 cases were degree I°, 76 cases were cured or or basically cured, accounting for 98.7%. 93 cases were degree Ⅱ, 67 cases were cured or or basically cured, accounting for 72%; 14 cases were effective, accounting for 15% , the total efficiency was 87%.31 cases were degree Ⅲ, 16 cases were cured or or basically cured, accounting for 51.6%%;11 cases were effective, accounting for 35.5% , the total efficiency was 87%.108 cases were cured, 99 cases still had stable therapeutic effect after taking part in labor, accounting for 91.7% 9 cases had no stable therapeutic effect , accounting for 8.3%[17]. 16.Peritoneal dialysis: 8 cases were observed with peritoneal dialysis solution added with Xueshuantong ( per milliliter containing sanqi(Panax notoginseng) extract 50mg ) injection, 4 cases began with heparin , then switched to Sanqi(Panax notoginseng), 4 cases always used Sanqi(Panax notoginseng) after planting dialysis tube operation. 8 cases were treated with continuous CAPD combining with Xueshuantong. 1894 cases times were Dialysised.it never happened dialysis tube plug [18]. 17. Excrescence: ①30 cases of plane warts were treated with sanqi(Panax notoginseng) powder, 10 for 1 courses. Results showed that 20 cases were cured, accounting for 66.7%, 6 cases were effective,accounting for 20%; 4 cases were invalid, the total efficiency was 86.7%[19]. ②13 cases of verruca vulgaris were treated with sanqi(Panax notoginseng) powder. Results showed that 12 cases cured after 20～30 days.1 cases were invalid, the total efficiency was 92.3%. 18. cardiac injury caused by AOPP: 52 cases of AOPP were randomly divided into two groups, the conventional treatment group were treated with routine western medical treatment, the traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine treatment group were treated with Luotai injection combined with Xueshuangtong (PNS) on the basis of the the routine treatment group.At the same time, 30 healthy persons as the normal control group. Results showed that curative effect and improvement of myocardial enzyme spectrum of the traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine treatment group was improved more than the conventional treatment group, it proved that PNS had a protective effect on cardiac injury caused by AOPP [20]. 19. Hemorrhoid: the treatment group (100 cases)were treated with Sanqi(Panax notoginseng) huazhi pill (sanqi(Panax notoginseng)\ Yanshuangbo(Florescence cypress), lexiancai(Le Joseph's coat), jiuliming (groundsel). ). The control group ( 40 cases)were treated with Huaijiao pill. Results showed that the markedly effective rate of Sanqi (Panax notoginseng) Huazhi pill was 25%, the total effective rate was 91%; while he markedly effective rate of the control group was only 7.5%, the total effective rate was 75%, the difference was statistically significant; it proved that the effect was better than that of the control group [21]. 20. Headache of Qi deficiency and blood stasis type: Yiqi Huoxue powder (Xinkaihe (ginseng), sanqi (Panax notoginseng), danshen (Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge) . Results showed that 40 cases were treated with 2 courses (10 days as 1 course), 12 cases were cured, 14 cases were markedly effective, 10 cases were effective, 4 cases were invalid. The total efficiency was 90%, it proved that Yiqi Huoxue powder had curative efftct on blood stasis headache [22]. |
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| [Properties] | ||
| [Medical and other Uses] | ||
| [Dosage] | ||
| [Cautions] | ||
| [Traditional usage] | 1.Facial furuncle 2.Reddish nose 3.Cough with phlegm in throat 4.Cough induced by lung heat 5.Cough induced by wind-heat 6.Cough induced by lung dryness 7.Pertussis 8.Chronic bronchitis, cough and asthma with profuse phlegm 9.Vomiting 10.Infantile vomiting milk 11.Febrile disease with polydipsia, drinking profuse water, vomiting at intervals 12.Delactation13.Internal hemorrhoid | |
| [Toxicological studies] | ||
| [Pharmaceutical preparations] | ||
| [References] |
Pharmacological actions: [1]Liu He-zhi，Pang Jian. The contrast study on hemostatic effect of Gynura segetum and radix notoginseng. Chinese Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1982,17(6):362． [2]Hu Yue-juan, Li Yi-kui, Jin Ruo-min, et al. The effect of panax notoginseng culture cells on cardiovascular system. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica, 1992,17(6):361-363． [3]Du Li-jun,He Wei-shi,Guo Yue-ying,et al.The study on mechanism of panax notoginseng hemostatic and promoting blood circulation I: The influence of different doses of panax notoginseng on mouse coagulation system. Pharmacology and Clinics of Chinese Materia Medica ,1995,11(3):25-28． [4]Liu He-zhi,Pang Jian. The contrast study on hemostatic effect of Gynura segetum and radix notoginseng. Chinese Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1982,17(6):42． [5]Liu He-zhi,Pang Jian,Wang Zeng-ling,et al.The impact study of Chrysanthemum panax notoginseng and panax notoginseng on ultrastructure platelet. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 1982,17(11):801-808． [6] Zhao Guo-jiang, Wang Xiu-xun . Panax notoginseng hemostatic components dencichien. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs,1986,17(6):34． [7] Zhang Shan-miao Chen Jun-xiu .Effects of Several Ingredients of Panax notoginseng on platelet aggregation and [8]Namba T. Chem Pham Bull. 1973, 21:459. [9] Pan Xin-xin, Yan Qing-shan, LiuTian-pei .The total saponins of ginseng,American ginseng and panax notoginseng on rat platelet function and thrombosis inhibitory effect. Chinese Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 1993,7(2):141-144． [10]Liu qing, DengYi-ping. The effect of total saponins of panax notoginseng on vascular endothelial produce tectotype fibrinolytic enzyme activator . Chinese Journal of Hematology,1994, 15(8):433-434. [11] Michinori KUBO .YAKUGAKU ZASSHI(Japanese)，1984,104(7):757. 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The ninth experiment hematology meeting, 2003:285. [26] Chen Xiao-hong, GaoRui-lan, Zhen Zhi-yin ,et al.Expression of apoptosis-related proteins in the human bone marrow hematopoietic cells treated by panax notoginosides. Journal of Experimental Hematology, 2006,14(2):343 -346． [27] Gao Rui-lan, Xu Wei-hong, Chen Xiao-hong ,et al.Up-regulation of transcription factors NF-E2,c-jun and c-fos of AP-1 Family induced by panax notoginosides in hematopoietic cells. Journal of Experimental Hematology ,2004,12(1):16-19． [28] Qian Xu -dai, Gao Rui -lan, Ma Ke ,et al.Proliferation and differentiation of human CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells induced by panax notoginosides. Journal of Experimental Hematology ,2003,24(2):120-123 [29] Wu Jie-xiong, Chen Jun-xiu. Sanqi (panax notoginseng) saponins of vascular smooth muscle function. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica,1988,9(5):409． [30] Chen Ji-qiu, Zhang Yue-guang, Li Sheng-lian, et al. Panax notoginseng saponins of myocardial ATP enzyme influence. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica ,1994,15(4):61-64． [31]．Xiong Zhi-gang, Sun Gu-jun .The impact of panax notoginseng saponins Rb and Rg1 on myocardial action potential and the current slow introverted. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 1989,10(6):520-522. [32] Chen Ji-qiu, Zhang Yue-guang, Xiong Chuan, et al.The impact of total saponins of panax notoginseseng on heart of single-phase action potential and atrium self-discipline and contractile. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 1992,13(6):538-540. [33] Su Shan-guo, Wang Xiao-qing.Observation of the effect of total saponin of panax notoginseng and atropine on myocardial ischemia. Journal of [34] Li Xue-jun, Fan Jin-song. panaxatriol ginsenoside in Panax notoginson has effects on PDS sheep to ginseng heart PuShi fiber action potential and delay the influence of the rectifier. 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Panax notoginseng saponins has specificity of the role on vascular smooth muscle to manipulate Ca2 + channels on receptor. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica ,1994,15(5): 10-16． [42] GuanYong-yuan, Wu Jie-xiong. Panax notoginseng can blocked in the flow to the rabbit aorta Ca2 + vascular smooth muscle and reduce the contractile function. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica,1985,6(4):267． [43] Wu Jie -xiong, Sui Jun-xiu.Panax notoginseng total saponins of negative frequency conversion and the force acts. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 1988,9(2):147． [44] Wang You-hua,Zhou Duan, [45] Shi Yi -ju, Jiang Xin -quan, Lu Lian -yuan ,et al.Pharmacologic effects of pns on rats with renal hypertension. Journal of Taishan Medical College ,2002, 23(3):192-194． [46]Liu Sai . The anti-arrhythmic role of panax notoginseng total saponins. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 1984,5(2):100． [47] Li Dan-shi, Chen Bei-luan, RenGuo-jun, et al. 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