1. Antibacterial and antiviral: lemon operating components caffeic acid has a wide range of antibacterial effect, it can be inactivated by protein in the body [1]. Peel hesperidin (200mg/ml) contained in the prevention of vesicular stomatitis virus and influenza virus. The antiviral activity can be eliminated by hyaluronidase [2].

2. Anti-inflammatory: the diosmin of lemon peel by intraperitoneal injection has anti-inflammatory effect on rat paw edema induced by carrageenin, ED50 is 100mg/kg [3]. The diosmin with Victoria Health glycoside P-like role to reduce capillary permeability in rabbits; and with vitamin C-like role to enhance the resistance to the capillaries of the guinea pig [4].

3. Hemostasis: the hemostatic effect of caffeic acid is to contract, increase solid-capillaries and reduce permeability, improve the blood coagulation and platelet count, clotting time and bleeding time can be shortened from 31% to 71% [5].

4. Antioxidant: lemon methanol extrac can inhibit rat liver microsomes lipid peroxidation induced by coenzyme II - adenosine diphosphate. July harvest 50μg/kg lemon methanol extrac with the inhibition rate of 71.8%, in November to collect lemon inhibition rate is 47.4%, in December to collect the lemon inhibition rate is 45.7% [6]. Caffeic acid 500ml/kg orally can prolong the survival time of NaNO2 poisoning mice and KCN poisoning mice, intraperitoneal injection of 200mg/kg, can against the rat acute myocardial ischemia caused by Vasopressin of the pituitary [7].

chemical composition:

[1] state administration of traditional chinese medicine of the people’republic of china《chinese herbal》editorial board. chinese herbal. shanghai: shanghai science and technology press,1999,12:906(total 3723).

[2] wen mingzhang, xiao shunchang, zhao hui,etc. a study on the chemical components of the essential oil from the peel of citrus limon (l.) burm. f. , natural product research and development,1989,(2):11.

pharmacological action:

[1] state administration of traditional chinese herbal medicine information center station. herbal effective ingredients manual. first edition, beijing: people's health publishing house,1986:160.

[2]wacker a.ca,1978,88:164029j.

[3]parmar n s.ca,1979.90:97620w.

[4] state administration of traditional chinese herbal medicine information center station. herbal effective ingredients manual. first edition, beijing: people's health publishing house,1986,359.

[5]wu laner. journal of china pharmaceutical university,1980,2:24.

[6]tanizawah.chem pharm bull,1992,40(7):1940.

[7]zhang mingfa. northwest pharmaceutical journal,1994,9(3):118.

clinical trials:

[1] cheng xiulian.25 cases of the lemon treatment of diabetes[j]. guangdong medical journal, 1989, 06:32-34.

[2] wang qianqin,chen guihua,he yuqian,zhao jieping.the smell of lemon rind inhalation prevention of surgical patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting effects observed [j].journal of practical medical techniques.2007,14(20):2740－2741.

[3] shi yijia,jin yahong,mao ai.the effect of observation of the lemon soaked in water drinking therapy in patients with threatened abortion constipation[j]. modern nursing, 2006,12(21):2015.

toxicology:

[1] qiu liang-xue,tang liang,gao rui-xiao,etc. the antivirus effect of extraction of lemon on newcastle disease virus and coxsackievirus b3 [j]. journal of tianjin medical university.2006,12(1).