1. Anti-allergy: Volatide oil of Centipeda minima is effective in treating allergeic rhinitis. Int the allergeic rhinitis model group, there appear a large number of lysosomes in the nasal epithelium with organelles vacuolated and nucleus deformed. Cells in the proper lamina of connective tissue were disarranged with organelles damaged, and there was also infiltration of eosinophils and mase cells in the connective tissue. However, in the treatment group receiving Centipeda minima extract, the pathological changes mentioned above were significantly decreased to close to the negative control group[1]. Hot water extract of Centipeda minima showed significant anti-allergic effects in animal skin allergic reaction (PCA). It could also be strong inhibition of histamine release in rat peritoneal mast cells induced by compound 48/80 or concanavalin A. Arnicolide, 6-O-senecoylplenolin and aurantiamide acetate, contained in Centipeda minima, inhibit the histamine release, where the IC50 value is 3.0×10-5mol/l, 1.8×10-5mol/l,2.3×10-4mol/l, respectively. In the PCA test, oral administration of 50mg/kg, the first two compounds pigment exudation inhibition rates were 61.76%, 37.4%. The IC50 value of flavonoids towards histamine release is 1.0mol/l~0.5×10-5mol/l. The inhibition rate is up to 39%～67%[2].

2. Anti-inflammatory: Volatile oil of Centipeda minima was able to suppress lung edema and high numbers of neutrophils, decrease the expression of CD54 in the bronchial epithelium tissue in the acute lung injury animal models. It has a protective effect on acute lung injury in rats. Decreasing the expression of CD54 in the bronchial epithelium tissue may be one of its mechanisms of against respiratory tract inflammation [3]. Volatile oil of Centipeda minima was able to inhibit the increase of NO, c-reactive protein (CRP) and proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFα in the acute inflammation of the rat body. Results show that it has a protective effect on acute pleural effusion in rats induced by an intrapleural injection of carrageenan [4]. 

3. Anti-mutant and anti-tumor: Using Ames test with standard strains TA98 and TA100 and 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine and sodium azide as mutagens respectively, the two times concentrated water decoction of Centipeda minima was used to investigate its effects with dose at 3mg. Results show that it had a certain anti-mutant effect [5]. Ethanol extract of Centipeda minima possesses remarkably inhibition of tumor growth [6]. 

4. Hepatoprotective: The decoction of Centipeda minima showed significantly the elevated serum alanine transaminase level in liver damage mice induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), acetaminophen (APAP), D-galactosamine+Lipopolysaccharide (D-GalN+LPS). It has the significant hepatoprotective action [7]. 

5. Others: Volatile oil and ethanol extract possess the cough, expectorant and anti-asthmatic effect. 25%~50% decoction could inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis in potato egg solid medium [2]. 100% decoction has the inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus [8]. Elimination rate of R plasmids in 24h, 48h, and 72h in herba centipedae tested group was 0.7%, 4.7%. 4.3%. While in control SDS group was 0.3%. 0.7%, 1.7%, respectively. Herba centipedae is a effective plasmid elimination agent to Pseudomonas aeruginosa [9]. 

1.Allergic Rhinitis: (1) “Fu Fang E Bu Shi Cao Drops”(Centipedae Minimae Herba(fresh) 500 g, hydrocortisone 100 mg, chlorpheniramine 50 mg. the drops contained Centipedae Minimae Herba 0.5 g, hydrocortisone 0.1 mg, chlorpheniramine 0.05 mg in 1ml) was used to treat the cases with rhinitis and rhinosinusitis. 1 to 2 drops each time, 2 ~ 3 times a day. Period of treatment arranged from 1 day to 1 month^[1]. (2) “E Bu Shi Cao Ointment”(Centipedae Minimae Herba powder 10 g plus vaseline 90 g to mix well to make ointment) was used to treat 105 cases with chronic and allergic rhinitis. The Ointment was besmeared on the cotton piece, filled in the double side nasal, took out half an hour later once a day, 15 times for one period of treatment. Results: 45 cases cured, 38 cases effected, 22 cases improved^[2]. (3) “E Bu Shi Cao Powders” (Centipedae Minimae Herba 12g, Asari Radix Et Rhizoma 6g, Angelicae Dahuricae Radix 6g, Magnoliae Flos 6g, Moschus 0.2g), patients smell the Powders, 3~5 times daily, 3 ~ 5 min each time. After use, except some patients sneeze frequency for external, did not see the other adverse reaction^[3]. (4) Centipedae Minimae Herba and Xanthii Fructus mixed in a 2:1 ratio, high temperature disinfection and coated in nasal mucous membrane surface, once per day, 10 times for a period of treatment, and at the same time, took “Yu Pin Feng Powders”. Results: In the 86 cases with allergic rhinitis patients, 23 cases cured, and did not relapse by follow-up above 1 years, 59 patients improved obviously, but there are 13 cases of relapse by follow-up, 4 cases invalided. The total recent efficient was 95.3%^[4]. (5) Centipedae Minimae Herba 100 g added into 75% medical ethanol 300 ml, immerse 7~10 days. Rhinitis patients were treated with tampon soaking liquid into nostrils 5~10 min, two sides alternately, continuous used 1 week. Results: In the 32 cases, 19 patients cured(59.4%), 8 cases improved(25.0%), 5 cases invalided(15.6%). The total effective rate was 84.4%^[5].

2. Acute Lumbar Sprain: Centipedae Minimae Herba(fresh) 30g added into 400 ml water, boiled  into 200ml, mix 50ml (non-drinker reduction) rice wine,oral once a day, 1 ~ 2 times can cure the disease. Results: In 38 cases, 31 cases cured, 4 cases improved, 3 cases invalided, the total effective rate was 92%^[6].

3.Stone Disease: (1) “Wu Jin Decotation”(Mume Fructus 10~20g, Galli Gigerii Endothelium 30~50g, Crataegi Fructus 10 g, Lysimachiae Herba 50g, Poria 20g, Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma 10g). added Pyrrosiae Folium 15g for Kidney stones; added Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma 10g for Gallstones; added Corydalis Rhizoma 10g and Paeoniae Radix Alba 15g for severe pain,. one prescription for 2 doses a day, 30 days for a period of treatment). 60 cases were treated with “Wu Jin Decotation” plus Centipedae Minimae Herba (30~50g, wash and mash, oral take the Centipedae Minimae Herba solution soaking with rice-wash water, 2 times a day). Results: 38 cases cured, 21 cases improved, 1 case invalided^[7]. (2) 32 cases treated with “Fu Fang E Bu Shi Cao Decotation” (Centipedae Minimae Herba 25g, Paeoniae Radix Alba 15g, Curcumae Radi 15g, Lysimachiae Herba 20g, Lygodii Spora 12g, Corydalis Rhizoma 12 g etc.), which decocted with water, one prescription a day, 7 days for one period of treatment. Results: After two period of treatment, 4 cases cured, 13 cases markedly improved, 13 cases effected and 2 cases inviladed, the total effective rate was 93.8%^[8].

4.Bell's Facial Paralysis: Centipedae Minimae Herba 30 ~ 60 g (fresh or dry) mashed into mud shape, wrapped with gauze, applyed in ear root and acupoint of buccal for 24 hours. One dose one day, 10 days for one period of treatment; At the same time, took vitamin B1, B6, three times a day, 20 mg each time, muscle injected vitamin B12, one time every day, 250~500mg each time. In the 50 cases of peripheral facial paralysis, 44 cases cured, 4 cases effected, 2 cases invalided, the total effective rate was 96%^[9].

5.Hookworm Cercaria Infection: A small handful of Centipedae Minimae Herba mixed with saliva, mashed into mud shape, and applied at the afflicted part. There were satisfactory effect in treating Hookworm Cercaria Infection^[10].

1.       Headache due to exposure to wind, nasal obstruction, and nebula

2.       Single and double tonsillitis

3.       Ocular diseases of swollen, red eyes, preferable to dark, photophobia, hidden astringent with pain; itching due to wind, nasal obstruction, headache, rigidity of nape, nebula, and sticky eye secretion and tears

4.       Pterygium

5.       Gurgling and strong breath with cold phlegm

6.       Tertian malaria, and quartan ague

7.       Diarrhea due to the spleen-cold syndrome

8.       Infantile malnutrition and diarrhea

Clinical reseach:

[1] Jin DeSheng. The clinical observation of “Fu Fang E Bu Shi Cao Drops” in the treatment of 64 cases with rhinitis and rhinosinusitis[J]. Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine. 1989, (6) : 374.

[2] Chen HeFeng. The clinical observation of Centipedae minimae herba ointment in the treatment of 105 cases with chronic and allergic rhinitis[J]. Jiangsu Journal of traditional Chinese medicine. 1995, (3) : 22.

[3] Zhang MaoLan, Zhou Hua. The clinical observation of “E Bu Shi Cao Powder”in the treatment of chronic rhinitis[J]. China's naturopathy. 1999, (1) : 45 -46.

[4] Song Qiong, The clinical observation of Centipedae Minimae Herba, Siberian cocklebur topical in the treatment of allergic rhinitis[J]. Journal of Jinzhou Medical College, 2001, 22 (3) : 60.

[5] Teng GuoZhou. The clinical observation of Centipedae Minimae Herba in the treatment of 32 cases with allergic rhinitis[J]. People's Military Surgeon. 2005 48 (10) : 616.

[6] TanChengJi. The clinical observation of Centipedae Minimae Herba in the treatment of 38 cases with acute lumbar sprain[J]. China's naturopathy. 2000, 49 (10) : 31.

[7] Lian ChangXiang, The clinical observation of commander phase. Chinese medicine with Centipedae Minimae Herba in the treatment of 60 cases with calculus disease[J]. China's naturopathy.. 2003, (11) :. 40.

[8] Liu Ning, Liu YongJing, LiuY ongCui. The clinical observation of “E Bu Shi Cao Decoction” in the treatment of cholelithiasis 32 cases[J]. Journal of New Chinese Medicine. 2003, 35 (12) : 69.

[9] Liu YueZhao. The clinical observation of Centipedae Minimae Herba in treatment of 50 cases with Bell's facial paralysis[J]. Shaanxi Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 1994, 21 (3) : 126.

[10] Zhuo ChengMing. The clinical observation of Centipedae Minimae Herba on cercaria infection[J]. Journal of External Therapy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1996, (4) : 48.