1 Role of anti-malarials: Artemisininis a sesquiterpene lactone compounds,their derivatives include mainlydihydroartemisinin, artesunate, artemether and Artemisia ether. These drugs arenow mainly used for clinical treatment of malaria [1-5].

2 Antibacterial and Antivirus Action: The Volatile Oil ofArtemisia annua showed strong antibacterial activity. Sitosteroland stigmasterol of Artemisia annua linn had antivirusaction [6-11].

3 Anti-tumor: Compounds 2,3,6 showed antitumor activityagainst leukemia P 388 cell in vitro.whereas artemisic acid 1and saturatedlactones 4 and 5 did not show activity.The growth inhibitory rate were 100%,42%for 2 and 100%,47% for 6 at the concentration of 10μg/mL,1 μg/mL respectively[12-14].

4 Anti-schistosome and the other Parasitoses: both of artemisinin and itsderivatives had anti-schistosome effect [15-17].

5 Immune functionregulation: Artemisinin and its derivatives had the immune effect [18].

6 Heat-clearing anddetoxicating: Artemisia annua linn was effective in allaying the fever in Rabbits [19].

7 Antiarrhythmic: As showed marked effects on counteracting arrhythmias induced bycoronary artery ligation, and markedly prolonged the onset time of arrhythmiaand reduced the ventricular fibrillation induced by CaCl₂ andchloroform in mice and rats. In patch clamp experiment, inward rectifierpotassium current was specifically inhibited by As in a concentration dependentfashion. As is an effective antiarrhythmic drug, the mechanism of As onantiarrhythmic action might be due to its inhibiting inward rectifier potassiumcurrent effect [20].

8 Toxicity: SA produces free radicals during its metabolism in body. Thefree radicals induce lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids to formlipid free radicals.LPO damage the function and structure of cells. Vitamin Eis effective to protect the cells from injury [21-23].

Qinghao (Artemisia apiacea)

Malaria: theparticipants take huanghuahao (Artemisia annua) soup (5g herb/L or 9g herb/L,containing qinghaosu (artemisinin) 47mg/kg, 97mg/kg respectively,) or quininesulphate (500mg/d, 3 times/d, continuously 7days). The group of huanghuahao (artemisiaannua) soup oral 1L/d, continuously for seven days. At the 7,14,28,35 days laterevaluate the cure effect in each group. Results: 7 days treatment, volunteers’scurative rates were low dose group 77%, high doses group 70% and quinine group91%. As time went on, appear high proportion of pathogens to activities, 35days later, the cure rate were reduced to 34%, 30%, 79% respectively. Thesymptom is reduced similar in every group. Compared with the symptoms beforetreatment, the rate of volunteers appeared a fever in low doses artesunategroup, high doses artesunate group and quinine group were 91%, 81% and 92%respectively; 92%, 100% and 100% of the volunteers appear chills phenomenonrespectively; 88%, 73% and 70% of the volunteers appeared fatigue respectively;86%, 100% and 76% appeared vomit respectively; 100%, 83% and 86% appearedabdominal pain respectively ^[1].

Pharmacology Actions:
[1] Institute of Medicine Research Institute of Chinese medicine. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1979, (1): 23.

[2] Yu-sheng Wang, Traditional Chinese medicine pharmacology and application, l version. Beijing: People's Health Publishing House, 1983: 590.

[3] Rihanwenjia, Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 1992, 10 (3): 204.

[4] Wei-bin Guan, Wen-jin Huang, Wei-qing Pan et al., The artemether emulsion antimalarial effect and the toxicity observed, J. Second Mil. Med. Univ., 1986, 7 (2): 123.

[5] Wei-bin Guan, Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 1982, 3 (2): 139.

[6] Ming Chen, Chinese Journal of Dermatology, 1988, 21 (2): 75.

[7] Bang-jing Zhou, Commonly used traditional Chinese medicine and the antibacterial action side set method, Chongqing: Science and technology literature press chongqing branch, 1987: 170．

[8] Ren-lie Cao, Chinese Journal of Dermatology, 1957, (4): 286.

[9] Bi-yun Liu, Chinese Pharmacological Bulletin, 1986, 2 (3): 26.

[10] Rui-sheng Qian, Zhu-liang Li, JIan-liang Yu et al., The artemisinin The immune function and antiviral activity effects, Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1981, (6): 63.

[11] Khan M M. Plant Sci, 1991, 75 (2): 161．

[12] Efferth T, Dunstanh, SauerbreyA, et al. The antimalarialartesunate is also active against cancer. Int J Oncol, 2001, 18 (4): 767.

[13] Chen hh, Zhou hJ, Fang X. Inhibition of human cancer cell linegrowth and human umbilical veinen doth elial cell angiogenesis by artemisin inderivatives in vitro. Pharmacol Res, 2003, 48 (3): 231．

[14] Ding-an Deng, Jun-chao Cai, Derivatives of Artemisic Acid with Antitumor Activity, organic chemistry, 1991, 11 (5): 540．

[15] Ming-sheng Xu, The artemisinin artemether artesunate fat prevention of schistosomiasis japonica research progress, Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control, 1998, 10 (4): 251.

[16] Zhi-wei Sun, Jing-yan Wang, Ming-dao Wang, Artemisinin derivatives ME908 of T. gondii nucleic acid metabolism, Chinese Journal of Zoonoses, 1995, 11 (6): 78.

[17] Wang J X, TangW, Yang Z S, et al. Suppressive effect of a novel water soluble artemisin in derivative SM905 on T cell activation andproliferation in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol, 2007, 564 (123): 211．

[18] Noori S, Naderi GA, hassan Z M, et al. Immuno suppressive activity of a molecule is olated from Artemisia annua on DTh responses compared with cyclosporin A. Int Immuno pharmacol, 2004, 4(10~11): 1301．

[19] Wen-yu Feng, Hebei pharmacy, 1984, (2): 78.

[20] Bao-xin Li, Bao-feng Yang, Yu-rong Li et al., Study on the antiarrhythmic effect andmechanism of artemisinin, Chinese Pharmacological Bulletin, 1999, 15 (5): 449.

[21] Xiao-e Lou, Hui-jun Zhou, Artesunate progress of the pharmacological and toxicological studies, Chin Hosp Pharm J., 2002, 22 (3): 175.

[22] Yan-hong Zhao, Jing-yan Wang, Neurotoxicity and its mechanism of action of artemisinin-based drugs, Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis, 2002, 20 (1): 49.

[23] Bo-xiang Lin, Yi-xin Zheng, Qinggaoyouwan, Chin Hosp Pharm J., 1982, 2 (5): 35.

[24] Qi-chao Yang, the artesunate tablets information (Seven), 1987.
Clinical experiment
 [1] Shi Lijun. The research ofhuanghuahao (Artemisia annua) to treat malaria. Guangxi Medical, 2006, 28 (6):957.