1. Promote bone growth: Continuously 1 to 3 months intragastric administration of Qinling Drynaria water decoction 7.5g/kg, 10g/kg, 25g/kg and 50g/kg can improve osteoarthritis rat chondrocyte function, delay cell degeneration, reduce the rate of lesions of bone and joint disease, delay the onset time and reduce disease severity [1, 2]. Drynaria can promote the absorption of bone 45Ca isotope and levels of calcium and phosphorus, benefit the formation of osteocalcin and bone [3]. Drynaria extract can significantly promote the growth of tissue culture of chick embryo bone primordium and calcium and phosphorus deposition, improve the activity of organization alkaline phosphatase (ALP), promote proteoglycan synthesis, inhibit collagen synthesis [4]. Drynaria water extraction and alcohol precipitation liquid fed new hatched chicks for 10 to 20 days can promote  bone development, increase the wet weight and volume of the femur, content of unit length of the cortical bone calcium, phosphorus, hydroxyproline and hexosamine [5]. Rats intragastric administration of drynaria water decoction, 7, 14 and 21 days after modeling all can increase the thickness of the callus, improve fracture healing quality, increase transforming growth factor (TGF-β1) expression in the callus tissue, may be one of the mechanisms of promoting fracture healing of drynaria [6]. 0.01 and 1mg/L drynaria water extraction fluid and alcohol extracts can increase the percentage DNA synthesis phase (S phase) cells of osteoblasts MC3T3-E1, decrease the percentage of DNA synthesis early (G1) cells. 1 and 100mg/L drynaria alcohol extract can increase the activity of cell ALP. 100mg/L drynaria alcohol extract can significantly promote the synthesis and secretion of osteocalcin. All 1mg/L drynaria water extracts and 0.01mg/L drynaria alcohol extract can promote cell calcification. That drynaria aqueous and alcohol extracts respectively exist higher activity substance which can promote bone cell proliferation differentiation and calcification [7]. 1000mg/L drynaria extract can markedly promote osteoblasts, in the concentration range of 1000-1500mg/L, its role in promoting increased with concentration, and in 1500-1600mg/L reached the maximum effect. That drynaria extract can promote osteoblasts and closely related to the dose [8]. Experiments showed that 1mg/L drynaria water extracts, 50μg/L drynaria alcohol extract and 50μg/L naringin can promote the increase of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, 50μg/L drynaria alcohol extract and 50μg/L naringin can promote osteoblast differentiation. That drynaria water extracts, alcohol extracts and naringin had protective effect on hMSCs and can respectively promote the proliferation and differentiation [9]. In additon, high concentrations of Drynaria extract can inhibit the proliferation of rabbit bone marrow stromal cells, lower concentrations of Drynaria extract can promote the proliferation of rabbit bone marrow stromal cells [10]. Adding different concentrations of Drynaria extract to osteoclast-osteoblast cultures, found the best concentration of drynaria extract to bone cells was 1mg/mL. It can Increase the intracellular ALP content and significantly raise the content of acid phosphatase (ACP) in the culture neurotransmitter and prostaglandin2 (PGE2). Study found that after adding extract, the mRNA expression of osteopontin and osteonectin decreased. Compared with the control group, the formated multinucleated osteoclasts were smaller and more activity, but did not find large osteoclasts. The results showed that after adding the extract the mobility of osteoclasts increased, which was conducive to the early differentiation of osteoblasts, not conducive to the mineralization of bone cells and benefit to early treatment of fracture [11]. Later research found that Drynaria can promote the expression of bone cells in bone-state protein (BMP-2) [12]. Drynaria have a beneficial effect in the regulation of (TGF-β1)mRNA and (BMP-2)mRNA gene expression in the bone healing process [13].

2. Effect on osteoporosis: Drynaria can increase the calcium phosphate levels, activate osteoblasts, increase the BMD femur head, and prevent steroid-induced osteoporosis [14]. Drynaria can partly inhibit glucocorticoid-induced bone loss, significantly inhibit bone loss caused by cortisone acetate, prevent hormone-induced osteoporosis in rats, but can not completely prevent the development [15, 16]. The active ingredient extracted from drynaria osteopractic was total flavone. The experiment to reveal the drynaria mechanism of the treatment of osteoporosis in terms of BMD, IL-4, IL-6 and TNF-α, thus proved that one of the material foundations of the "Kidneys bone" theory of Chinese medicine was mineral density and the level of serum of IL-4, IL-6 and TNF-α. Osteopractic total flavonoids can significantly improve the bone density of ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis, adjust the level of serum IL-4, IL-6 and TNF-α, to be the material basis of traditional Chinese medicines [17]. Fed ovariectomized rats with osteopractic total flavone, 6 months later, the percentage of trabecular bone volume (TBV) was significantly higher. But The percentage of trabecular bone absorption surface (TRS), trabecular bone formation surface percentage (TFS), the activity generated surface percentage (AFS), trabecular bone mineralization rate (MAR), trabecular bone formation rate (BFR), boneaverage width (OSW) and  cortical bone mineralization rate (mAR) were significantly lowered. That osteopractic total flavone had prevention and treatment effect of ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis [18]. The number of TRACP positive osteoclast formation was inhibited in 20% drynaria extract group and solid-state group. And can inhibit bone marrow in vitro osteoclast-like cells, mainly inhibit the conversion of the osteoclasts mother cells to mature osteoclasts [19]. Drynaria has a preventive effect on osteoporosis, which was caused by postmenopausal osteoporosis and ovarian dysfunction [20].

3. Anti-inflammatory: total drynaria flavonoids have anti-inflammatory effects and can inhibit the increase of capillary permeability [21].

4. Effect on the growth of teeth: Drynaria can promote the proliferation of in vitro human dental pulp cells, the most significant proliferation effect at the concentration of 100mg/L. Under electron microscopy, experimental group had abundant branched crest at the surface of human dental pulp cell, extracellular matrix can be seen around cells, cytoplasm was rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes, nuclear dispersed euchromatin, heterochromatin was less. That drynaria on cultured human dental pulp cells have a significant effect on the proliferation [22]. Drynaria water extracts had a significant effect on alveolar bone resorption model experimental alveolar bone resorption and can inhibit bone resorption and promote bone regeneration [23].

5. Inhibition of streptomycin ototoxicity: Fed with drynaria decoction alone or combined with streptomycin can treat streptomycin acute toxicity, such as headache, dizziness, ringing in the ears, lips and face numbness [24]. Using drynaria agent as streptomycin solvent can significantly reduce the percentage of the guinea pig cochlear hair cell damage. Auricular Preyer reflex and auditory brainstem response test proved that drynaria inhibited the streptomycin ototoxicity [25]. Fed with drynaria decoctionv also can reduce the kanamycin side effects on guinea pig auricle, but can not control the development of toxic deafness after stopping treatment [27]. When used 50% drynaria liquid applied as a solvent and combined the application of streptomycin, the biological effects of streptomycin, in vitro antibacterial activity, serum drug concentrations, the pH value of streptomycin and clarity did not change. Drynaria reduced cochlea back and two back of the outer hair cell damage caused by streptomycin and drynaria had a certain detoxification on streptomycin ototoxicity [26, 28]. Drynaria principal component naringin had desensitization and antiallergic properties, can promote blood circulation antispasmodic, improve the local micro-circulation and nutrient supply, promote drug excretion, lift of streptomycin on the eighth cranial nerve damage, alleviate the toxic side effects of streptomycin and  fast, high efficacy and precise, safe and reliable, no adverse reactions [29].

6. Lowering blood pressure: Intramuscular injection of 0.8mL/kg drynaria injection can prevent the increase of hyperlipidemia (cholesterol, triglycerides). Intramuscular injection of 1.7 mL/kg can prevent hyperlipidemic rabbits with hyperlipidemia, prevent the formation of atherosclerotic plaque and had significant effect with continuous 5 to 10 weeks [30]. It can also confront experimental hyperlipidemia rabbit vascular endothelial injury, promote the process of liver, adrenal gland cholesterol metabolism, so that the cholesterol content of non-atherosclerotic aortic wall, liver and adrenal gland decreased significantly [31]. As one of the active ingredient of the anti-atherogenic, drynaria polysaccharide salts 10mg/kg, 25mg/kg and 50mg/kg can inhibit cholesterol content in rabbit serum elevated, reduce aortic atherosclerotic plaque formation, and whith significant dose-effect relationship [32]. Fed with 50mg/kg for 6 weeks can protect rabbit liver and adrenal organelles, enhance cell function, promote the transformation and discharging of cholesterol in liver and adrenal cells [33]. Eexperiments showed drynaria in lowering blood pressure at the same time did not elevate cholesterol content within the organization and it was a good drug of lowering blood pressure, preventing and treating atherosclerosis [31].

7. Cardiac: Flavanone glycosides isolated from drynaria, intravenous injection of 10-12.5mg/kg 0.5% solution can enhance rabbit myocardial contraction for two hours or more. The cardiac function was the direct effect on the myocardium rather than the sympathetic nervous system [34, 35].

8. Others: Intraperitoneal injection of 125mg/kg flavanone glycosides had significant sedative and analgesic effects and can enhance mouse atmospheric hypoxia tolerance [34]. Fed with 250mg/kg can significantly reduce the sodium pentobarbital-induced mouse righting reflex incidence and shorten the reflex duration, may be related to induce activation of hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme and accelerate sodium pentobarbital [32]. Drynaria strongly inhibited staphylococcus aureus, hemolytic streptococcus, the anthrax bacillus, diphtheria bacillus, shigella flexneri, Escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and can also inhibit salmonella typhi [36].

1. Fibromyalgia syndrome: Gusuibu flavonoids (0.25 g per time, 3 times per day), Treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome was effective: no obvious adverse reaction^[1].

2. Fracture delayed union and nonunion: Qiangu capsule (one capsule content Gusuibu flavonoids 180 mg), three times per day , one capsule per time, 3 months as one course of treatment,in  which 29 patients were treated for one course of treatment, 7 cases were treated for two course of  treatment. Results: the treatment group of clinical symptoms recovery, fracture healing rate, healing time was better than control group, after statistics analysis, the difference was significant (P < 0.05). Between the two groups had no significant difference of adverse reactions significance (P > 0.05) ^[2] .

3. Bone hyperplasia: Zini JianGutongbitang, one per day, 1 month as one courses of treatment, combined with traditional Chinese medicine Gusuibu vinegar wine decoction (Gusuibu 50g, high liquor and rice vinegar each was 250g) hot compress local treatment of bone hyperplasia in 276 cases, 2 times per day, and 15 days as  one course of treatment. Results: 224 cases were cured, accounted for 81.1%; 42 cases were better, accounting for 15.2%; 10 cases were Invalid, accounting for 3.7%; The total effective rate was 92.7% ^[3].

4. Osteoporosis: Gusuibu flavonoids for treatment 162 cases of osteoporosis. Results: Gusuibu flavonoids on osteopenia bone pain in patients with symptoms of the total effective rate was 91.80%, the more explicit rate was 70.94%, Gusuibu flavonoids on osteoporosis bone pain in patients with the curative effect, the total effective rate was 94.44%, the more explicit rate was 70.99% ^[4] .

1. Alopecia caused by disease

2. Gum bleeding and itching induced by kidney deficiency

3. Alopecia areata, loss of hair

4. Clavus, wart

5. Lumbago due to kidney deficiency, rheumatic pain on waist and legs

6. Chronic diarrhea due to kidney deficiency

7. Enuresis

8. Softening tendons and bones before reduction of dislocation

9. Infantile malnutrition

Chemical composition:

[1] high Ying, Wang Xinluan, Wang Naili, etc.. The chemical constituents of Rhizoma drynariae. Chinese Journal of medicinal chemistry, 2008,18 ( 4): 284

[2] state Chinese medicine administration bureau " Chinese Materia Medica " editorial board. Chinese materia medica. Shanghai: Shanghai science and Technology Press, 1999,4:260 ( total 0729).

[3] Liu Zhenli, Lv Aiping, Zhang Qiuhai, etc.. Fat soluble constituents of Rhizoma drynariae. Journal of traditional Chinese medicine, 1999,24 ( 4): 222

[4] Wu Xinan, Zhao Yimin. Studies on the chemical constituents of Rhizoma drynariae. Journal of traditional Chinese medicine, 2005,30 ( 6): 443

[5] Liu Zhenli, Zhang Ling, Zhang Qiuhai, etc.. Composition analysis of volatile oil of Rhizoma drynariae. Chinese herbal medicine, 1998,21 ( 3): 135

Pharmacological effect

[1] Zhao Xianghong, Chen Baoxing, Ding Jihua. Drynaria on experimental osteoarthritis treatment effect. Chinese bulletin, 1987,12 ( 10): 617

[2] Ding Jihua, Chen Baoxing, Zhao Xianghong. Effect of Tonifying Kidney Chinese medicine treatment of bone and joint disease experimental study. Chinese Journal of Traumatology, 1989,5 ( 3): 3

Wang Zhiru [3]. Beijing Journal of traditional Chinese medicine, 1980, ( 3): 13

[4] Ma Kechang, high Zifan, Liu Xianru, etc.. Gusuibu injection for calcium and phosphorus deposition of the preliminary study. Chinese medicine bone-setting, 1989,1 ( 1): 13

[5] Ma Kechang, high Zifan, Feng Kun, etc.. Extracted liquid on chicken bone growth promoting effect. Chinese medicine bone-setting, 1990,2 ( 4): 7

[6] Wang Huasong, Xu Shenming. Drynaria on fracture healing of TGF- β 1 expression in rat. Chinese Journal of Traumatology, 2001,9 ( 4): 10

[7] Tang Qi, Chen Lili, Yan jie. Drynaria extract on mouse osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation, differentiation and calcification of. Journal of traditional Chinese medicine, 2004,29 ( 2): 164

[8] seedling Rong Guo Lei Lei Kun. Extracted liquid on osteoblast proliferation. Journal of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2006,28 ( 4): 61

[9] Deng Zhansheng, Zhang Xuan, Zou Dongqing, etc.. Drynaria various extract on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on. China Journal of modern medicine, 2005,15 ( 6): 2426

[10] Xu prospect, Zhang Jianxin, Li Jun, etc.. Extracted liquid on rabbit bone marrow stromal cells proliferation. Chinese medicine bone-setting, 2005,17 ( 4): 1

[11]SunJ S, Chun Y L, Dong G C, et al.Theeffect of Gu-Sui-Bu ( DrynariaeRhizoma ) on bone cellactivities.Biomaterials, 2002,23 ( 16): 3377

[12] Feng Wei, Fu Wenyu, Wei Yiyong, etc.. Single herbs on bone related gene expression in rats. Chinese medicine bone-setting, 2004,16 ( 3): 6..

[13] Dong Fuhui, Zheng Jun, Cheng wei. Drynaria fortunei on related gene expression during bone healing effect. Chinese Journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine, 2003,23 ( 7): 518

[14] Liu Hongze, Wang Wenrui. Injection of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Drynaria prevention of steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head of the experimental study. Chinese Journal, 2003,16 ( 12): 726

[15]Ma Kechang . The first session of the second national academic conference of medical biochemistry abstracts of research papers ( two volumes). Guangzhou, 1991:765.

[16] Ma Kechang, high Zifan, Zhang Lingju, etc.. Drynaria on rat osteoporosis model effects. Chinese medicine bone-setting, 1992,4 ( 4): 3

[17] Xie Yanming, a Yonggang, Zhao Jinning, etc.. Total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae on ovariectomized rats' bone mineral density and cytokines of IL-6, IL-4, TNF- αlevels in rats. Chinese Journal of basic medicine in traditional Chinese medicine, 2004,10 ( 1): 34

[18] Xie Yanming, Ju Dahong, Zhao Jinning. Total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae on ovariectomized rats' bone mineral density and bone histomorphometry effect. Journal of traditional Chinese medicine, 2004,29 ( 4): 343

[19] Liu Jinwen, Huang Yongming, Xu Shaojian, etc.. Drynaria rhizome on rat bone marrow osteoclast-like cells in vitro. Study of traditional Chinese medicine, 2005,18 ( 7): 5

[20]JeongJC, Kang S K, Youn C H, etal.Inhibition ofDrynariae Rhizomaextracts on boneresorptionmediated byprocessing of cathepsin K in cultured mouseosteoclasts.IntImmunopharmacol, 2003,3 ( 12): 1685

[21] Liu Jiangang, Xie Yan, Deng Wenlong, etc.. Total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae experimental study on anti-inflammatory effect of. Chinese Journal of natural medicine, 2004,2 ( 4): 232

[22] Xu Yanzhi, Taka Nagahiro, Guo Jingjie, etc.. Drynaria on in vitro culture of human dental pulp cells proliferation and ultrastructure. Chinese Journal of hospital pharmacy, 2007,27 ( 10): 1377

[23] Chen Lili, Tang Qi, Yan Jie, etc.. Extracted liquid on Experimental Study on the effect of alveolar bone absorption. Journal of traditional Chinese medicine, 2004,29 ( 6): 549

[24] PLA 254th hospital. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 1977,57 ( 2): 9

[25]Wang Zhongyuan . The Department of ENT magazine, 1989,24 ( 2): 79

[26] Zhang Shengli, Kou Furu, soup Mu lan. Gusuibu injection to the biological properties of streptomycin effect. Antibiotics, 1982,7 ( 4): 245

[27] Guangxi School of Medicine Department of ENT. Prevention of Rhizoma Drynariae kanamycin induced deafness experimental study. The new medicine, 1977,8 ( 4~5 ): 168

[28] wore a calf, Tong su-chin, Jia Shuping, et al. Rhizoma Drynariae on streptomycin ototoxicity detoxification experiment research. Journal of Nanjing Railway Medical College, 2000,19 ( 4) : 248

[29] Wang Yuliang, Hu Zengru, Li Fengting J. and streptomycin adverse reaction and clinical application. Clinical those, 2000,15 ( 158): 694

[30] Wang Weixin, the king of all the medicine reducing blood lipid and preventing of aortic atherosclerotic plaque formation was experimentally observed. Journal of TCM, 1980,21 ( 12): 945

[31]Wang Weixin J. on rabbit tissue lipid content were investigated. Journal of TCM, 1981,22 ( 7): 547

[32], Chinese pharmacology communications, 1984,1 ( 3,4 ): 166

[33], Wang Weixin J. polysaccharide acid on hypercholesterolemic rabbits liver and adrenal cells ultrastructure. Chinese pharmacological and clinical, 1985, ( 1) 128

[34]Wang Weixin . Pharmaceutical bulletin, 1984,19 ( 2): 119

[35]Wang Weixin . The National Cardiovascular Pharmacological second conference papers. 1983:54.

[36] Lingling regional health and epidemic prevention station. Hunan medical journal, 1974, ( 4): 50 ( 5): 49;

Clinical trials

[1] high Guanmin. Total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae for treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome: a randomized controlled study. Chinese Journal of clinical medicine, 2007,26 ( 11): 837

[2] Gao yan. Total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae treatment of delayed fracture healing and bone nonunion. Chinese medicine bone-setting, 2007,19 ( 7): 11

[3] Chen Qing, Long Weifang. Jiangu Tongbi Decoction Combined with medicine external application in the treatment of bone hyperplasia 276 cases. Journal of Chinese physician, 2006 ( Supplement): 165～ 166

[4] Wang Heming, Ge Jirong, Tian Jinzhou, etc.. Strong bone capsule in the treatment of bone pain in osteoporosis curative effect observation. Chinese Journal of Traumatology, 2005,13 ( 6): 38

Toxicology:

[1] Zhao Jinning, Xie Yan, Zhang Wenjun, etc.. Acute toxicity test of total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae. Herald of medicine, 2005,24 ( 1): 12

[2] Wanming, etc.. Zhejiang Journal of traditional Chinese medicine, 1989,24, ( 12 ): 546