It contains volatile components: dimethyldisulfide, diallylsulfide, methylallylsulfide, methylallyldisulfide, propylallyldisulfide, diallyldisulfide, dipropenyldisulfide, diallyltrisulfide(allitridin), methylallyltrisulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, allylpropyltrisulfide, diallyltetrasulfide, methylallylpentasulfide, ajoene, 4-methyl-1,2-dithia-3-cyclopentene, 3-methyl-1,2-dithia-3-cyclopentene, 3-vinyl-1,2-dithia-4-cyclohexene, 2-vinyl-1,3-dithiin-4- cycolhexene, 3-vinyl-1,2-dithiin-5- cycolhexene, 6-methyl-1-thia-2,4-cyclohexadiene, 4-vinyl-1,2,3-trithia-5-cycolhexene, dithio-（propenyl）-propionate, 2-ethyltetrahydrothiophene^[1];

Thiosulfinate: allicin(diallylthiosulfinate, allyl-1-propenylthiosulfinate, methylallylthiosulfinate, 1-propenylallylthiosulfinate, allylmethylthiosulfinae, methyl-1-propenylthiosulfinate, dimethylthiosulfinate^[1];

amino acid: alliin(S-ally-L-cysteinsulfoxide), S-methylcysteinsulfoxide, cycloalliin, S-allyl-L-cysteine, S-propenyl-L-cystein, S-propyl-L-cystein, S-buty-L-cystein, S-allymercapto-L-cysteine, S-methylthio-L-cysteine^[1], γ-L-glutamyl-L-phenylalanine, γ-L-glutamyl-S-methyl-L-cysteine, γ-L-glutamyl-S-methyl-L-cysteisulfoxide, γ-L-glutamyl-S-（β-carboxy-β-propyl）-L-cysteinylglycine, γ-L-glutamyl-S-allylmercapto-L-cysteine, γ-L-glutamyl-S-allyl-L-cysteine, γ-L-glutamyl-S-（trans-1-propenyl）-L-cysteine^[1];

glycoside: scordinin A₁, scordinin A₂, scordinin A₃, scordinin B₁, scordinin B₂, scordinin B₃, quercetin, kaempferol^[1], protieruboside B, astivoside B₁^[2];

polysaccharide: D-galactan, D-galacturonan, L-arabinan, D-glucan, D-fructan^[1];

lipoid: neutrallipids, glycolipids, phospholipids, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, protoeruboside B, satioaide B₁, protodesgalactotigonin^[1];

It also contains allinase, polyphenoloxidase, hexokinase, L-serine-O-sulfatelyase^[1], allixin, adenosine, 2,3-dimethyl-5,6-dithiobicyclo[2.1.1]hexane-5-oxide, （Z,Z）-d,l-2,3-dimethyl-1,4-butanedithio-S,S′-dioxide^[1].

1 Antibacterial and antiviral effect: Garlic has a significant antibacterial effect on Shigella dysenteriae in vitro [1]. The antibacterial mechanism of allicin maybe interfere with thiol reductase system of electronic transfer or antagonist with oxidative thiol reductase function [2]. Allicin has prevention and therapeutic effects on bone marrow transplant patients CMV infection [3].

2 The impact on cardiovascular: Intravenous injection of garlic leaching solution on anesthetized rabbits and dogs can cause short-term decline in blood pressure [4]. The main component of blood pressure lowering is the sugar ligands of garlic [5]. Allicin isolated from garlic can inhibit thoracic aortic strips caused by norepinephrine and KCl in rat, making norepinephrine and calcium chloride-induced aortic contraction weakened [6].  

3 Lipid-lowering and anti-atherosclerosis effect: Garlic oil has apparent protective effect on the feeding of cholesterol-induced rabbit hypercholesterolemia, high blood coagulation and aortic atherosclerosis lesions [7]. Allicin has lower blood cholesterol and triglyceride effect on experimental hyperlipidemic rabbits, and has clotting time prolonging and anti-atherosclerosis effect [8].

4 Inhibition of platelet pull aggregation and thrombolysis effect: Garlic oil can inhibit platelet aggregation induced by ADP, epinephrine and collagen, the inhibitory effect has a positive correlation with the dose [9]. The platelet aggregation inhibition rate of allicin is blood plasma concentration-dependent, and the inhibitory effect may be indirectly through plasma factors [10]. Garlic oil can inhibit the formation of thromboxane B2, by inhibiting the platelet peroxide enzymes, and this effect is correlated with the platelet aggregation inhibiting function of garlic oil [11，12].

5 Antitumor mutations and blocking nitrosamine synthesis effect: Feeding female C3H/He mice with fresh garlic can completely inhibit the incidence of breast cancer, allicin may be its active ingredient [13]. Allicin can promote mitomycin C, cyclophosphamide and cisplatin-induced rat hepatocyte DNA program outside synthesis (UDS) which shows dose-response relationship, while allicin itself can not induce UDS. Allicin can promote the metabolic activation-free in cisplatin-induced UDS, and function by enhancing the ability of liver cells to repair DNA damage thus promoting UDS inducing role [14].

6 Hepatoprotective effect: Garlic oil has significant inhibitory effect on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver cell toxicity in the first generation cultured rat, and can reduce the formation of CCl3 free radicals under the action of CCl4 in rat liver microsomes [15].

7 Impact on immune function: The garlic water extract can enhance the cellular immunity, humoral immunity and non-specific immunity in immunocompromised mice [15]. Allicin can antagonist with the inhibition of tumor immunosuppressive factor on T cell activation in mouse sarcoma S180 cells and Ehrlich ascites cells [16].

1.Edema

2. Venomous snake bite

3. Trichomonal vaginitis

4. Crymodynia in chest and abdomen

5. Incessant viscerotoxic hematockezia and emaciation caused by toxin wind inintestines

6. Malaria with cold limbs and pale complexion

7. Psoriasis

8. Duodenal ancylostomiasis

9. Infantile pertussis 

化学成分：

[1] State Administration of traditional Chinese materia medica editorial board. " " Chinese materia medica. Shanghai: Shanghai science and Technology Press, 1999,22:36 ( total 7128).

[2] Wang Ning, history Yanmei, Zhu Jun, et al. Garlic chemical compositions and methods for detection of foreign pharmaceutical botany fascicule, 2003,18 ( 5): 192

药理作用:

[1] Xu Zhonglv. Chinese medical journal, 1947,33 ( 3,4 ): 71

[2]Barone FE.Mycolegia,1977,69(4):793.

[3] Meng Yuesheng Hematol, 1992,13 ( 12): 627

[4] Zou Tianfu . Qingdao medical journal, 1957, ( 1): 14

[5] Wu Baojie herbal pharmacology. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House, 1983:274.

[6] Chen Shuhua. Chinese pharmacological Sinica, 1988,9 ( 6): 533

[7]BordiaA.Atherosclerosis,1977,(26):379.

[8] Zhao Faji Journal of nutrition, 1982, ( 4): 109

[9]BordiaA.Atherosclerosis,1987,30:355.

[10] Jin Xiaojun, Peng Qingzhi, Xu Youzhi, et al. Effect of allicin on platelet aggregation function . Hubei medical journal, 1993,14 ( 01): 60

[11]Makheja AN.Lancet,1979,Ⅰ(8119):781.

[12] Han Jinxiang. Foreign medical Chinese medicine part, 1990,28:155.

[13] Deng Dajun. Chinese Pharmacological Bulletin, 1991,7 ( 5): 332

[14]HikinoH.PlantaMed,1986,52(3):163.

[15] Wei Yun, Tang Yinghong, selegiline. Garlic on immune function of mice. Chinese herbal medicine, 1992,15 ( 12): 42

[16] Zhang Guimei, Feng Zuohua, Hao Tianling, et al. Effect of allicin on T cell activation. Pharmacology and clinic of Chinese traditional medicine, 1995,11 ( 1): 26

[毒理学: