1. Hypoglycemic：Bitter gourd(BG) extract can markedly lower blood glucose level in hunger rat or mice or rabbit model, in rat or mice diabetes model induced by Streptozotocin. in rat or rabbit diabetes model induced by alloxan[1-11]. The mechanisms may through inhibit hexokinase and uptake glucose in intestines, inhibit Gluconeogenesis enzymes and activate G-6-pD enzyme, insulin-like effects compounds, depend on β-cell secretion insulin[12-14].

2. Anticancer: BG crude protein show dose-dependent cytotoxic to lymphoma cells, leukemic cell such as P388 or L1210 or MOLT-4, rat adenocarcinoma of prostate[15]. The cytotoxic mechanisms may depend on an active protein named bitter gourd inhibiting factor(MCI) when it bond anti-Thy1+1 or CD5 antibody or mice IgG2a antibody or recombinant Sendai virus envelop show a strengthen cytotoxic, and adjust lymphocytes, immune system[16-25].

3. Anti-Viruses: BG aqueous extract show a dose dependent inhibit effect on BHK-21cell, herpes Stomatitis virus, HSV-1, HEP-2 cell phore poliovirus-1, viral myocarditis Coxsackie B3 through inhibit protein synthesis in virus and host cell. Momordica Anti-HIV Protcin show a dose dependent inhibit effect on HIV-1 infection and reproduction without cell[26-29].

4 Antibiosis and Anti-inflammatory: BG extracting solution can kill 11 species 165 strain Gram-Positive Cocci, Gram-Positive Rods, Gram-Negative bacillus[30]. BG extracting solution can inhibit auricle and Peritoneal Cavity capillary permeability in mice. It can inhibit Carrageenan induced forced foot and cotton ball induced granuloma in rat[31].

5. Regulate Immune Function: BG extract regulated Specific and non-specific immunity in normal mice. MCI show a various effect on immune system, such as inhibit spleen cell and lymphocytes induced by Con A or PHA, delay allogeneic graft reject reaction in skin[32,33].

6. Antifertility: BG extract can induce male rat loss fertility but reversibility through inhibit spermatozoa development, motility of sperm. Charantin can induce gestation mice prophase and midtrimester abortion[38-40]. BG alcohol extract can make male dog lose fertility[34].

7.Other Effects: BG extract show a anti mutation, kill parasites, stay caducity effects[35-37].

Diabetes type Ⅱ: 77 cases of patients were treated with Fufang Kuguo capsule. Patients were taken the drugs triple a day, two capsules for each time. After one~2 weeks, the dose could increase to three or five capsules each time. When the symptom was stable, drugs were taken only once a day, two capsules for each time. Course of treatment are six weeks. Patients were test before the treatment and after the first course of treatment. Results showed that significant efficiency and total dffectiveness of FPG, 2HPG, Glycosylated hemoglobin are 43% and 78%. Fufang Kuguo capsule are effectively in controlling and reducing the blood sugar, improving the clinical symptom without toxicity and side effect ^[1].

1.Carbuncle

2.Heat stroke

3.Polydipsia with a strong preference for drinking

4.Dysentery

药理作用

[1]Ali L.Planta Med,1993,59(5):408．

[2]Shibib B A.Biochem J,1993,292(pt1):267．

[3] ideaki HIGASHINO. Folia Pharmacologica Japonica, 1992, 100(5):415．

[4]Day C.planta Med,1990,56(5):426．

[5]Welihinda.Acta Biol Med Germ,1982,41:1229．

[6]KarunanayakeE H.Ethnopharmacology,1990,30(2):199．

[7]Akhtar MS.Phanta Med,1981,42(3):201．

[8]Singh N.Indian J physiol Pharmacol,1989,33(2):97．

[9]Srivastava Y.Pharmacol Res Commun,1988,20(3):201．

[10]Welihinda J.Acta Biol Med Ger,1982,41(12):1229．

[11]Welihinda J.J Ethnopharmacol,1986,17(3):247．

[12]Meir P.Planta Med,1985,51(1):12．

[13]Ng T B.Am J Chin Med,1987,15(1-2):31．

[14]KhannaP.J Nat Prod,1981,44(6):648．

[15]Jilka C.Cancer Res,1983,43(11):5151．

[16]Takemeto D J.Toxicon,1982,20(3):593．

[17]Takemeto D J.Enzyme,1982,27(3):179．

[18]Claflin A J.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1978,75(2):989．

[19]Cunnick J E.Cell Immunol,1990,126(2):278．

[20]Takemoto D J.Prep Biochem,1982,12(4):355．

[21]Foxueu B.Biochem Int,1984,8(6):811．

[22]Porro G.Cancer,1988,58(5):558．

[23]Stirpe F.Br J Cancer,1988,58(5):558．

[24]Wawrzynczak EJ.Cancer Res,1990,50(23):7519．

[25]Sargiacomo M.FEBS Lett,1983,157(1):150．

[26]Takemoto D V.Prep BIOCHEM,1983,13(4):371．

[27]Foa Tomasi l.Arch Virol,1982,71(4):323．

[28] Wang Zuo, Li Shuangjie, Yang Yongzong. Chinese Journal of Arterial Lerosis, 2003, 11(2):107．

[29]Lee YwangS.FEBS Lett,1990,272(1-2):12．

[30] The new Jiangsu School of Medicine, Grand Dictionary of Chinese Medicine. Shanghai: Shanghai scientific & Technical Publishers, 1986:1281．

[31]Li Jincheng. Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials, 2001, 24(7):508．

[32]Spreafico F.Int J Immunopharmacol,1983,5(4):335．

[33]Cheng Guangwen, Chen Qingshan, Zhang Xuzhong. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 1995, 26(10):535．

[34]Dixit V P.Planta Med,1978,34(3):280．

[35]Guevara A P.Mutat Res,1990,230(2):121．

[36]Laa J.India J Physiol Pharmacol,1976,20(2):64．

[37]Wang Xianyuan, Jin Hong, Xu Zhiqin, et al. Chinese Medical Research & Clinical, 2004, 2(3):10．

[38]Qin Guofang, Li Yuanhui, Gao Xiaoqin, et al. Journal of GuiYang Medical College, 1995, .20(1):14．

[39]Chang Fenggang, Li Jianmei. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 1995, (6):281．

[40]Ng TB.Gen Pharmacol,1992,23 (4) :579．

[41]Platel K.Nahrung,1993,37(2):156．

[42]Liu Xiuying. Carcinogenesis,Teratogenesis & Mutagenesis, 2007, 19(5):381．

[43]Wu Chunxia, Zhang Minghui. Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2005, 25(5):71．

Clinical trial:

[1] Feng GuiQin, Qu CaiXu, Mu ShouGang, et al. Fufang Kuguo capsule for Diabetes type Ⅱ.Chinese Journal of New Drugs and Clinical Remedies. 2000, 19(1):70.