It grows in ditch side、forest side、hillside exposed to the sun 、with wet and thick soil.The characteristic is prefering high temperature and humidity enviroment,resistanting to drought. fertility optimum temperature is between 23 to 30℃.When low temperature in winter, leaves are dry and wither,but  sprout and grow in Spring.It was born in Menghai and grows in field side、grass、bushes at the altitude of 700 metres.

1. Anti-tumor： Curcuma oil preparations in vitro can significantly inhibit the destruction of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, the growth of 615 inbred mouse L615 leukemia and ascites hepatoma cells and other tumor cells [1]. Intraperitoneal injection of 100% Curcuma injection 0.3 ~ 0.5ml to mice had a good effect on sarcoma S180, the inhibition rate was more than 50%. Subcutaneous injection of 75mg/kg curcumol and curdione, which obtained from the volatile oil, had a higher rejection rate on murine sarcoma S37, cervical cancer U14 and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. The tumor cells showed reduced nucleocytoplasmic ratio, nuclear shape tend to be normal [2]. The Curcuma reduced cell nuclear chromatin, the number of particles of nucleoli and chromatin in the mouse fibrosarcoma cells, and inhibited the nucleus metabolism [3]. Different concentrations of curcuma oil injection on tumor cells had a direct destructive effect was concentration-dependent [4]. Curcuma anticancer had both the direct effect and the host immune response [3-5]. Curcuma handle EGA and L615 cell vaccine for active immunization, made part of the animal to obtain a significant protective effect [6,7], the active immunization of protective effect had a certain degree of specificity [8], a certain degree of stability, and parentalcan not be passed to offspring need to acquired [9]. Curcuma oil by intraperitoneal injection combined with irradiation had significant tumor growth delay effect, increased radiation treatment by 42%, and reached to moderately sensitizing effect [10]. Curcumol significantly inhibited the growth and RNA synthesis of MCF7, OV-UL-2, MM231 and HeLa cells, and the best inhibition concentration was 50μg/mL [11]. Extracted from WenEzhu, terpenes β-elemene can induce the apoptosis of a variety of tumor cells, the incidence of apoptotic cells was positively correlated with β-elemene concentration and reaction time [12, 13]. Curcuma oil injection can inhibit human endometrial carcinoma cell line RL-952, the inhibition rate was the time-dose-dependent, it may inhibit cancer cell proliferation through non-apoptotic programmed cell death [14]. Elemene combined with radiotherapy can significantly improve the efficiency of the metastatic bone cancer, markedly shorter time to pain. Immune indexes CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+, IgA, lgM and IgC were significantly improved. Confirmed elemene was an effective anticancer drug [15].

2. Anti-early pregnancy: Ethanol extract and its active ingredient monoterpene and sesquiterpene compounds of the rhizome of curcuma in rats and mice had a very significant effect of anti-early pregnancy, and also a certain anti-implantation effect on the dog. Curcuma oil had a significant anti-progesterone effect, intraperitoneal injection and subcutaneous injection of 600-900mg/kg curcuma oil to mice, of which the effect of anti-implantation and anti-early pregnancy was 70% to 90%. Intraperitoneal injection of 80mg/kg curcuma oil to rabbits, the effect of anti-implantation was 80%. The anti-implantation effect was 100% when given vaginal injection of 400mg/kg curcuma oil [16]. Intragastric administration of curcuma decoction to mice also can stop pregnancy [17, 18]. Curcuma oil on the process of ending pregnancy in mice was to prevent the embryos implantation, stop growing, showed atrophy degradation embryos free in the uterine cavity, and some died after the implantation of the embryo cell, which was in the process of being absorbed [16].

3. Antiviral, antibacterial: Volatile oil of curcuma can inhibit the growth of golden staphylococcus, VI hemolytic streptococcus, E. coli, salmonella typhi, vibrio cholerae and so on [19]. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Curcuma oil on Mycoplasma pneumoniae Strain was 2.5μg/mL and the MIC of erythromycin was 0.025μg/mL. When combined curcuma oil with erythromycin, their MIC were 1.25μg/mL and 0.00625μg/mL, indicated that curcuma oil can inhibit mycoplasma pneumoniae local strain and combined curcuma oil with erythromycin can increase the antibacterial effect [20]. The median effective concentration of curcuma oil on influenza virus A3 and adenovirus type 7 were 0.0008μg/mL and 0.0004μg/mL, therapeutic indexs were 15 and 30. Intragastric administration of 160, 80 and 40mg/kg curcuma oil soft capsule can significantly lower lung index and mortality rate of the mice pneumonia cuased by adapted strains of influenza virus mouse lung and syncytial virus. Indicated that curcuma oil had a certain inhibition of influenza virus A3 and adenovirus type 7 [21]. Curcuma oil glucose injection can be used to treat mumps, may also have the effect of preventing mumps brain [22]. GuangxiEzhu oil had a strong antifungal activity and can significantly inhibit the spore germination of plant pathogenic fungi and the mycelial growth, the MIC was 6.25mL/L, the strongest inhibitory effect on the loose red blight pathogen and the weakest on fusarium graminearum [23].

4. Elevate white blood cell: Intraperitoneal injection of 10mL/kg curcuma oil and 10mL/kg curcumol of 0.3% for 8 days can markedly confront the leukopenia caused by one time intraperitoneal injection of 150mg/kg cyclophosphamide and promote leukocyte rebound. Showed Ezhu can elevate leukocyte in a certain degree [24].

5. Effect on cardiovascular: Curcuma significantly increased arterial blood flow, peak blood flow increased by 2.52%, blood flow increased by 36.0% 10 minutes later, vascular resistance decreased by 66.4% [1].

6. Hepatoprotective: Curcumol extracts and essential oil can significantly inhibit the carbon tetrachloride and thioacetamide-induced the increasing mouse alanine aminotransferase, reduce the retention of methyl bromide phthalate sodium and reduce the lesions of corresponding liver tissue [26]. Turmeric oil and curcumol respectively play effect on the HSC-T6 cells for 24 and 12 hours can lower the gene expression of TMPZ, L-6, TGF-p and P450a [27].

7. Effect on acute renal failure: Intravenous injection of 4mL/kg curcuma injection every day, 3 days later can significantly lower the kidney swelling of acute renal failure scorpion caused by subcutaneous injection of 1mL/kg glycerol saline of 50% to rabbit. In vivo microscope, strip vascular stasis disappeared, capillary blood flow speeded up, significantly reduced pathological changes and the convoluted tubule epithelial cell vacuoles and cloudy swelling, tubular cavity of the tube with little or disappeared, blood stasis in small blood vessels disappeared or reduced and the glomerular capillary lumen expanded. Curcuma can inhibit the symptoms caused by the injection of glycerol to rabbit. 24 hours after the injection urine increased, 48-72 hours later, urine color returned to yellow and no death happened [28].

8. Inhibition of platelet aggregation and antithrombotic: 7 days in a row, intragastric administration of 9.0g/kg curcuma water extract to rat every day can significantly inhibit adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation, significantly lower blood viscosity and shorten red blood cell electrophoresis time. Intravenous injection of 1.13g/kg curcuma water extraction and alcohol precipitation injection can markedly inhibit thrombus in rat [29].

9. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory: All of different curcuma processed products can inhibit xylene-induced ear edema, increased capillary permeability induced by acetic acid and acetic acid-induced writhing. They can also markedly increase pain threshold in mice and the Cuzhu curcuma had the strongest effect [30].

10. Effect on the digestive system: 25% curcuma water decoction can significantly improve the gastric emptying rate, slow wave frequency coefficient of variation and abnormal rhythm index of irregular eating and dilute niacin feeding induced functional dyspepsia rat model. It can also enhance the dynamic compliance of the stomach and have the ability to promote gastric motility [31]. Low concentrations of Curcuma can increase tension in isolated rabbit intestinal but high concentrations relaxed intestinal [25].

11.Effect on blood rheology: All the different curcuma processed products had the effect of inhibition of platelet aggregation, anticoagulant and regulating blood rheology. Among them, Vinegar Baked goods had the strongest effect [32]. Curcuma injection can reduce bleeding absorption time andimprove vision, indicated that curcuma injection in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy with good effect [33].

12. Others: Curcuma oil can significantly prolong the incubation period of mice semicarbazide convulsions, which may increas the cortical excitability threshold by affecting the brain stem nerve function to fight against epilepsy [34]. Different concentrations of Curcuma oil cream can inhibit the mitosis of vaginal epithelial cells and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and promote the formation of the mouse tail scales of the granular layer [35].

13. Process in vivo: 3H-Curcumol intragastric administration absorbed quickly and completely, it can be measured 5 minutes after feeding rats and reached the peak 15 minutes later. It can be maintained for about 1 hours, half life period of t1/2a was 33 minutes and 12.5 hours of t1/2β. Vivo distribution to the liver, kidney concentration was the highest and 2 to 2.5 times of the other organizations, and through the blood-brain barrier, mainly from the urinary excretion and bile excretion, there was the phenomenon of enterohepatic circulation [36].

1. Upper respiratory tract infection: 0.04% of Guangxi’ezhu oil glucose injection 250 m1 for  intravenous drip (under 6 months  babies for 150ml), 1 time per day, treatment  for 3 ~ 5 days. 38 cases of acute upper respiratory tract infection were treated , the results showed that defervescence time was in 48 h. 7 cases was defervescence timein 24 h, 17 cases were in24 to 48 h , 9 cases were in 48 ~ 72 h , in 5 days 3 cases was not defervescence ^[1].

2. Ischemic cerebrovascular disease: Fufang Guangxi’ezhu injection for treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease in 47 cases, the results showed that  25 cases were cured, 12 cases were markedly improved. 9 cases were improved, l cases was invalid^[2].

3. Pediatric occlusive cerebral inflammation: EHong injection for the treatment of 10 cases of pediatric occlusive cerebral inflammation hemiparalysis; Results 7 cases were cured , 2 cases were markedly effective,  l cases were improved,. 7 cases were cured for one course^[3].

4. children acute viral hepatitis: Guangxi’ezhu injection for  intravenous drip, 10 days as one of courses  treatment; under 6 years old  for 250 ml per day, above 6 years old day for 500 m1 per day,withYinzhihuang oral liquid. Treatment of children acute viral hepatitis in 39 cases, the cure rate was 95%, effective rate was l00 %^[4].

5. Pediatric liver splenomegaly: Guangxi’ezhu, Baizhu, Sanleng every 30 g, zhishi 40 g, sanqi 20 g. One year children for 3 g per time, 1, 2 ~ 3 times per day,under one year children for 1.5 ~ 2.0 g, 2 ~ 3 times per day. 10 cases of the young child hepatosplenomegaly were treated, and the results were satisfactory ^[5].

6. Infantile viral enteritis: 0.04% of Guangxi’ezhu oil glucose injection for intravenous drop, 100 mg/kg per day, 1 time per day, 5 ~ 7 days  as one course of treatment, treatment with ribavirin, add a lactasin, yeast, enzyme tablet, etc. symptomatic treatment. 30 cases of the young child viral enteritis were treated, that all were cured^[6] .

7. Chronic ectopic pregnancy: Guangxi’ezhu, Sanleng, chuanxiong every 10 g, Danpi 12 g,Danshen 15 g. Along with the disease and syndrome add and subtract drug. 1 agent per day, 50 days as one course of treatment. Treatment of chronic ectopic pregnancy in 32 cases, results :6 cases were cured, 26 patients were improvement. 6 cases  were hoped pregnancy in no contraceptive in 8 cases,In 1 year and a half childbirth  were born normally  in 4 cases, lost to follow-up and no pregnancy every 1 case^[7].

8. Female infertility: Guangxi’ezhu, Sanleng every 30 ~ 40 g. Along with the disease and syndrome add and subtract drug, 1 agent per day, water frying points 2 ~ 3 times, average course of treatment is 62 days. Female infertility of treatment in 20 cases, the results showed that 18 cases  were cured^[8].

1. Lacquer sore

2. Spleen qi deficiency after serious illness, distension on middle jiao and swollen feet, extremities edema

3. Shortness of breath, diarrhea and frequent urination

4. Acid regurgitation and vomiting

5. Pain caused by trauma

6. Severe traveling pain in the chest due to blood qi offending the heart in female

7. Traveling pain and lumbago in female

8. Menstruation with clots, amenorrhea

9. Accumulated heat due to infantile malnutrition, emaciation, depression, thin muscles though eating a lot

Chemical composition:

[1] Liu Wen, Wang Jian, Zhang Wei. From different habitats of Guangxi Zedoary Volatile Oil Determination and GC-MS analysis. Journal of Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University, 2006,9 ( 3): 73

[2] State Administration of traditional Chinese materia medica editorial board. " " Chinese materia medica. Shanghai: Shanghai science and Technology Press, 1999,24:626 ( total 7765).

Pharmacological effect:

[1]Li Yikui. Pharmacology of traditional Chinese medicine. First edition . Beijing: China Press of traditional Chinese medicine, 1992:145.

[2] Faculty of medicine Liaoning College of Traditional Chinese Medicine oncology group. Journal of new medicine, 1976, ( 12): 28

[3] Xu Hongxia, Zheng Shuchen, Sun Fengying, etc.. Curcuma wenyujin antitumor study of 5 I II Research on the chemical structure of crystal. Journal of Shenyang College of medicine, 1978, ( 10): 20

[4] Zunyi Medical College oncology group. Journal of Zunyi Medical College, 1978, ( 1): 10

[5].Zhu Jinchang.Cervical cancer treated by zedoary after treatment of pathological observation. Journal of Wenzhou Medical College, 1979, ( 1): 30

[6] Zunyi Medical College Oncology Group study pathophysiology group. Cancer prevention research, 1974, ( 3): 7

[7] Zunyi Medical College Oncology Group study pathophysiology group. Cancer prevention research, 1977, ( 2): 26

[8] Qian Zhenchao, Liu Jinyou, Zhao Surong, etc.. L759 and L615 tumor cell antigenicity of preliminary comparative observation. Journal of Zunyi Medical College, 1981,4 ( 3): 67

[9] Qian Zhenchao, Liu Jinyou, Zhao Surong, etc.. Zedoary vaccine immune protection effect of active exploration of mechanism of action of Curcuma aromatica. Pharmaceutical Journal, 1981,16 ( 12): 892

[10].Kang Fushun.Chinese Journal of Radiological Medicine and protection, 1992,12 ( 6): 405

[11] Xu Lichun, Prince Liu Zhimin, edge, etc.. Natural medicine zedoary alcohol inhibition of tumor cell growth and RNA synthesis effects of tumor, 2005,25 ( 6): 570

[12] Yuan Jing, Gu Zhenguan, Zhou Wenxuan, etc.. β- elemene induced apoptosis in human leukemia K562 cells and regulation of Bcl-2 protein expression. Chinese pharmacological Sinica, 1999,20 ( 2): 103

[13] Zou Lijuan, Liu Weixian, in Limin, etc.. β- elemene induced K562 apoptosis of leukemia cells. Chinese Journal of cancer, 2001,23 ( 3): 196

[14] Zhao Hua, Luo Yunpeng. Zedoary turmeric on human endometrial cancer effect of light microscopic and ultrastructural study. Journal of Medical University Of Chongqing, 2004,29 ( 2): 176

[15] Liu Miaoling, Zou Lijuan, Cui Guimin. Elemene radiotherapy in treatment of metastatic bone cancer : clinical study of 60 cases. Chinese Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2001,28 ( 12): 889

[16] was treated, sun, Xu Yonggui, etc.. Experimental study on the effect of Zedoary Turmeric to stop pregnancy. Reproduction and contraception, 1983,3 ( 1): 57

[17]Chen Zizhang . Chinese herbal medicine, 1980,11 ( 9): 409

[18]Chen Zizhang . Chinese herbal medicine, 1981,12 ( 3): 122

[19]Nigam S S. G A, 1970,73:63548n.

[20] Xin Deli, Hou Ancun, Li Jing . Medicine zedoary turmeric oil on Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolates in vitro inhibition of experimental research. Journal of clinical and experimental medicine, 2003,2 ( 4): 228

[21] leaf Shoushan, Sheng Xiaorong, Wang Ping, etc.. Zedoary turmeric oil soft capsule antiviral action on the pharmacology and clinic of Chinese traditional medicine, 2005,21 ( 3): 20

[22]Li Zhengfan . Zedoary turmeric oil and glucose injection in treating 42 cases of epidemic parotitis . Hunan Journal of TCM, 2003,19 ( L ): 474

[23] Zhang Danmei, Li Qun, Ma Danwei, etc.. Guangxi zedoary turmeric oil inhibiting plant pathogenic fungi active research. Journal of Anhui University ( NATURAL SCIENCE EDITION ), 2008,1:81.

[24] Pu days. Journal of Wenzhou Medical College, 1979, ( 1): 51

[25] Zunyi Medical College medical journal, 1976, ( 12): 39

[26] is the heart, where Xingquan, Zhou Guifen, etc.. Curcuma Kwangsinensis S.against ethanol extract and essential oil on experimental liver injury. Journal of traditional Chinese medicine, 1989,14 ( 5): 47

[27] Nie Guang, Jiang Yuan, Li Zesong, etc.. 4 kinds of active component of Rhizoma Curcumae on hepatic stellate cell T6 gene expression in rats. Chinese Journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine, 2005,12 ( 3): 135

[28] Ding Ren Xiong. Research of traditional Chinese medicine, 1990, ( 1): 38

[29] Xu Junjie, Chen Yuyao, Meng Qingdi. Zedoary turmeric on rat blood rheology and thrombosis in rats. Chinese herbal medicine, 1992,15 ( 5): 33

[30] song we Tulin Lu, Li Lin. Different processed products of Rhizoma Curcumae study on anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of. Journal of traditional Chinese medicine, 2005,23 ( 3): 443

[31] Wei Lanfu, Zou Baicang, Wei Muxin. Zedoary turmeric on experimental rats with functional dyspepsia gastric emptying in rats. Journal of Nanjing Medical University, 2003,23 ( 4): 450

[32] Wang Puxia, Zhou Chunxiang, Lu Tulin. Zedoary different processed products of Chinese medicine promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis., 2004,26 ( 11): 905

[33] Tang rhinoceros Lin, Yang Fengqi. Zedoary injection in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy : clinical observation of 50 cases of modern medicine, 2005, l:19.

[34] Wang Yan, Zhao Xiaojing. Zedoary turmeric oil antiepileptic effect experimental study. Pharmacology and clinic of Chinese traditional medicine, 2004,20 ( 3): 11

[35] Song Zhiqi, Han Shixin, Liu Xiaoming, et al. Zedoary turmeric oil cream for topical treatment of psoriasis pharmacodynamics and mechanism of action. Chinese Journal of Dermatology, 2001,15 ( 5): 301

[36] Su Chengye, Liu Jinyou, Xu Hongxia, etc.. 3H- Curcumol in normal rats and mice in vivo tumor metabolism research. Pharmaceutical Journal, 1980,15 ( 5): 257

Clinical trials:

[1] Yan GITIC, Fu Wenyong, Jin Huimin, etc.. Zedoary turmeric oil injection for treating acute upper respiratory tract infection curative effect observation. Bethune University of Medical Sciences .1993; 19 ( 4): 383

[2] Wang Hongshan, leaves Tairan. Compound zedoary injection in the treatment of ischemic cerebral vascular diseases: a clinical observation. Tianjin Medical .1984:12 ( 5): 298

[3] Ma Hongjie, the Maori people, the Shanghai-Nanjing, etc.. Er-hong injectio based treatment of pediatric cerebral occlusive vasculitis induced hemiplegia in 10 cases. Journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine, 1991:11 ( 6): 361

[4] spike, yellow new, high Sujun. Zedoary turmeric oil injection in the treatment of acute viral hepatitis in 39 cases. Chinese Journal of integrative medicine, 1994; 4 ( 1): 36

[5] Tang guo. With Zhizhu of powder in the treatment of pediatric hepatosplenomegaly. Shanxi medical journal, 1984; 13 ( 1): 40

[6] Yuan Peiying, Zhou Fengzhi. Zedoary turmeric oil and glucose injection in the treatment of infantile virus enteritis clinical observation. Journal of traditional Chinese medicine, 1994; 35 ( 3): 167

[7] Zhang Chuanfang, Shu Huying, Huang Guangying. Promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis in treatment of ectopic pregnancy ( 32 cases clinical analysis ). Journal of Tongji Medical University .1994; 23 ( 6): 516

[8] Zhao Guangan. Clinical application of large dose of Sanleng ezhu. Heilongjiang Journal of traditional Chinese medicine, 1992; ( 1): 47

Toxicology:

[1] is the heart, where Xingquan, Zhou Guifen, etc.. Curcuma Kwangsinensis S.against ethanol extract and essential oil on experimental liver injury. Journal of traditional Chinese medicine, 1989,14 ( 5): 47