Agastache rugosus (Fisch.et Mey.)O.Ktze.

This plant contains patchouli alcohol, α-patchoulene, β-patchoulene, pogostone, seychellene, α-guaiene, δ-guaiene(α-bulnesene, β-guaiene, β-elemene, β-caryophellene, δ-cadinene, patchoulan1,12-diol^[1]; flavonoids: pachypodol, ombuin, apigenin, rhamnetin, apigetrin, apigenin-7-O-β-D-(6-p-coumaroyl)-glucoside^[1]; essential oils: methylacetate, 3-methylbutanone, 3-methyl-3-butenone, patchouli alcohol, pogostone ^[2,3], δ-elemene, α- patchoulene, β-patchoulene, caryophyllene, α-guaiene, δ-guaiene, seychellene, α-humulene, isolongifolene, germacrene, germacreneD, alloaromadendrene, aciphyllene, 7-epi-α-selinene, 2- naphthanenone, eugenol, 1-acetyl-4- fluoromethylnaphthalene, dibutyl phthalate, ledol, ledene, farnesol, gurjunene, α-pinene, 2-β-pinene, terpinolene, α-cadinene, β-cadinene, δ-cadinene, 1-F-3-isothiocyanatophenyl, calarene, 4-methoxy benzenemethanol, iso-spathulenol, spathuleno, ariistolone, 3-acetyl-6-methyl-2Hpyrans-2,4(3H) –dione, 5,7- dimethoxy -2,2-dimethyl-2H- chromene, iso-α- cedrene -15-ol, 2- isoproplyl -5-methyl-9-methylene, dicyclo [4,4,0]9-1-ene, 7,8- dihydroxy -4,5-dimethyl-3,4- dihydronaphthalene -1(2H)-one，1-methoxy 2- butyl -6- toluene，4,5- dimethoxy -2- cresol ^[2].

1. Effection on gastrointestinal: Patchouli on gastrointestinal Smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal effect was two-way adjustment. The patchouli water extract, go to oil-water extract and volatile oil can inhibit the spontaneous contraction of isolated rabbit intestinal and spasmodic contraction induced by acetylcholine, barium chloride.The strength of contraction caused by acetylcholine and barium chloride followed by: volatile oil> go to oil-water extract> water extract; the patchouli water extracts can slow down the gastric emptying,inhibit the movement of the normal intestinal propulsion in mice and gastrointestinal propulsive movement of neostigmine-induced mouse to against Senna leaf-induced diarrhea in mice; aqueous extract and volatile oil inhibited the acetic acid-induced visceral colic [1-3]. After irrigating Agastache water extract one hour, nitric oxide synthase enzyme (NOS) I-positive nerve in ileum, jejunum were significantly reduced. Jejunum myenteric nerve plexus of NOS I-positive nerves still significantly reduced after 6 hours,and the ileum of NOS I-positive nerve have no significant change; Agastache on gastrointestinal tract of the function of two-way adjustment may be related to functional status of the body, the dose size and contains a different chemical composition [5]. The patchouli water extract, and volatile oil, as well as to other parts of oil can increase varying degrees of gastric acid secretion, pepsin activity, and enhance pancreatic secretion of amylase and increase serum amylase activity, which water extraction is stronger [1-4]..Agastache significantly lower serum nitric oxide concentration of limb ischemia - reperfusion model in rat, reduce the number of mast cells in the rat intestinal wall layers, inhibit the release of cytokines such as TNF-α, and reduce the degree of pathological to protect the intestinal mucosal [5].

2. Antibacterial: Patchouli leaves Juice can partly inhibit Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus and Bacillus subtilis growth [6], .The fresh juice of ear drops can be the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus-induced experimental dolphin rats with acute otitis externa [7]. .Patchouli ketone in vitro can inhibit Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, black Rhizopus and other fungi significantly , and a certain degree of inhibition of alpha hemolytic streptococcus and other bacteria [8], which can inhibit the penicillium mold growth, can be used for corrosion protection of the oral solution [9]. The patchouli aqueous extract and volatile oil of 10μg/ml all can partly inhabit Salmonella, E. coli, Shigella, Staphylococcus aureus, etc. which have a certain inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus was stronger than that of intestinal bacteria [10]. The effect of patchouli water extract on Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, enteritis lactis aerogenes were inhibitory, but it’s useless for E.coli [11].

3. Calcium antagonism: Patchouli water extracts significantly inhibited guinea pig colon with retraction caused by high potassium in vitro, the inhibition rate of 17% by 30mg/ml, the inhibition rate of 91% by 300mg/ml. Active ingredient is patchouli alcohol, which calcium antagonism antagonist parameters (PA) value is 5.95, the IC 50  for 4.7 × 10 -5 mol /l.Patchouli alcohol have a dose dependent antagonism in rats induced by Ca 2+ aortic contraction [12].

4. Anti-Plasmodium: Patchouli volatile oil have strong antimalarial effection, selective inhibition and a strong reversal of resistance of Plasmodium berghei to artemisinin sulfate strain, can reverse the Plasmodium berghei resistance to artemisinin sulfate strain resistance to artemisinin ester and delay the normal strains of Plasmodium berghei generated of artemisinin sulfate resistance; and artemisinin sulfate combination, which have synergies for normal strains of malaria parasites and resistant strains [13].

5. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic: Agastache volatile oil inhibit significantly rat paw swelling induced by carrageenan and egg white, xylene-induced mouse ear edema etc. acute inflammation. It can significantly reduce the pain by physical, chemical stimulation and have a strong analgesic effect in rats caused by 2, 4 - dinitrophenol fever antipyretic effect [14].

6. Resolving phlegm and relieving cough and asthma: Agastache volatile oil of 0.12ml/kg and water extracts of 400mg/kg administered for 3 consecutive days, which could significantly prolong the half of the mice cough ammonia spray time and promote mouse tracheal phenol red excretion [15].

The treatment of chronic sinusitis ：Guanghuoxiang decoction：Guanghuoxiangye（Cablin Potchouli Herb） 5kg, Fresh pigbile 1.5 kg add honey, and add sugar  were made into a pill, 10 ~ 15 g per time, 2 ~3 times per day, with 1% ephedrine or 20% heartleaf houttuynia herb to dropletnose, 10 days as one course of treatment. A total of 50 cases  were treated for  2 ~ 5 course, 15 cases were cured (30%), 30cases were improved (60%), 5 cases were invalid (10%), the total effective ratewas 50% ^[1].

1. Chilblain

2. Eczema, itch of skin

3. Bleeding caused by incised injury

4. Tinea of hands and feet

5. Common cold with headache, aversion cold with fever, dyspnea with cough, cold sensation and pain in chest and abdomen, regurgitation with vomiting, diarrhea due to stagnation of vital energy, rugitus, malignant malaria, puffiness on the whole body, antenatal and puerperal pricking pain caused by stagnation of qi and blood, infantile malnutrition  

6. Fever caused by upper respiratory tract infection

7. Partial heaviness and pain of head around frontal angle caused by invasion of wind on yang meridian

8. Sinusitis with sticky yellow mucus caused by combination of gallbladder heat transferring to brain and invasion of wind cold

9. Remoivng halitosis

10. Feverish dysphoria or polydipsia due to qi excess

11. Vomiting and diarrhea in summer

12. Ulcer in the mouth cavity induced by internal heat in chest, sore and swollen throat

13. Hiccup, acid regurgitation and poor appetite due to phlegm in chest and accumulated cold in spleen and stomach

14. Poor appetite and vomiting with undigested food due to spleen and stomach deficiency

15. Vomiting and diarrhoea in cholera

16. Malaria

17. Threatened abortion, vomiting induced by disorder ascending and descending of qi

18. Infantile pyretic vomiting

Chemical Composition:

[1] State Administration Of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Editorial Board."" Chinese Materia Medica. Shanghai: Shanghai Science And Technology Press,1999,19:130( Total6149).

[2] Chen Xiuhua, Liu Qiang, Chen Xingxing, Et Al. Patchouli Constituents Of Volatile Oil From Different Parts Of The Comparative Research. Journal Of Liaoning University Of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2008,10(4):127

[3] Guan Ling, Xu Lizhen, Cong Puzhu, Et Al. Studies On The Chemical Constituents Of Pogostemon Cablin. Journal Of Traditional Chinese Medicine,1994,19(6):355

Pharmacological Effect:

[1] Chen Xiaoxia, He Bing. Effect Of Breviscapine On Erythrocyte Membrane Lipid Peroxidation. Pharmacology And Clinic Of Chinese Traditional Medicine,2001,17(2):5

[2] Chen Xiaoxia, He Bing, Li Xianqi, Et Al. Patchouli Gastrointestinal Pharmacological Effects Of Chinese Herbal Medicine,1998,21(9):465

[3] Du Yimin, Chen Ruzhu, Hu Benrong. Patchouli 'S On Chemical Constituents And Pharmacological Effects Of Traditional Chinese Drug Research And Clinical Pharmacology,1998,9(4):238

[4] Zhu Jinzhao, Zhang Jie, Zhang Zhijian Rugosa Extract On Rat Small Intestine Nitric Oxide Synthase Distribution Influence. Fujian Medical Journal,2002,24(3):99

[5] Xie Sicong, Tang Fang. Ageratum On Limb Ischemia - Reperfusion Model Of The Rat Gut Barrier Function Mechanism Research. Journal Of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2004,29(5):61

[6] He Kunyao,.Jchin Med Kunyao,1992,2(2):59

[7] .He Kunyao,.Jchin Med Kunyao,1992,2(2):73

[8] Yang Zanxi, Xie Peishan . Chinese Patchouli Antifungal Composition - Patchouli Ketone ( Pogostone ) Isolation And Structure Determination. Chinese Science Bulletin,1977,22(7):318

[9]Kong Tingxing. Chinese Herbal Medicine,1984,15(3):16

[10] Huhu Liu, Luo Jipeng, Lai Peilian. Guangdong High With Wukawa Hiroka Extract On Intestinal Pathogens Comparative Study On Antibacterial Effects Of. Chinese Herbal Medicine,1999,22(8):408

[11] Luo Chaokun Patchouli Perfume Extract Antibacterial Experiment Research. Chinese Herbal Medicine,2005,28(8):700

[12]Kazuo I. Chem Pha:M Bull,1989,37(2):345

[13] Liu Airu, Yu Zongyuan, Lv Lili, Et Al. Patchouli Essential Oil On Sodium Artesunate Resistant Plasmodium Berghei Synergism And Antagonism Of Sodium Artesunate Resistant Plasmodium Berghei Reversal Role. Chinese Journal Of Parasitology And Parasitic Diseases,2000,18(2):76

[14] Xie Yuhuan, Shen Yingjun, Ji Guangliang, Etc., Ageratum Volatile Oil Of Rhizoma Cyperi Antiinflammatory, Analgesic, Antipyretic Effect Experimental Study. Sichuan Journal Of Physiological Sciences,2005, (03):137

[15] Zhao Shuce, Jia Qiang, Liao Fulin, Et Al. Patchouli Extract Of Cough, Phlegm, Relieving Asthma Pharmacological Study Medicine,2008,30(3):449

Clinical Trials: