Thewhole plant contains ursolic acid, stigmasterol, stigmasterylpalmitate, β-sitoserol, β-sitosteryl palmitate, n-hentriacontane, aucubin, plantainoside A, plantainoside B, plantainoside C, plantainoside D, plantainoside E, plantainoside F, calceoriosideB(3，4-dihydroxyphenethyl alcohol-6-O-caffeoyl-β-D-glucoside), desrhamnosylacteoside, isoacteoside, acteoside, leucosceptoside A, isomartynoside, martynoside^[1];

The aerial part contains plantaginin, desrhamnosyl acteoside, acteaside, plantamajoside, hellicoside^[1];

The leave contains aucubin, homoplantaginin^[1];

The roots contains stachyose, sucrose, raffinose;

The seeds contains aucubin, plantagomulilage A, plantagoside, geniposidicacid, plantenolic acid, succinic acid, adenine, choline, β-sitosterol, β-sitosteryl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside^[1].

1 Urinary tract: the ethanol extract of the herbs of Plantagoasiatica could increase the urine volume and the content of Na+, K+ and Cl^-inurine, And also increased the rat urinary output [1-3].

2 Antitussive, Antiasthma and Expectorant effect: The plantagoside possessed markedeffects of depressing cough and reducing inspissated mucus. Plantagoside is aneffective constituent of Semen Plantaginis to depress cough and reduceinspissated mucus [4-7].

3 Anti-pathogenicmicroorganism: Plantain water extract had the different degree of inhibition effects on various kinds tinea bacteria [8]. Staphylococcus is highly sensitive to plantain,the song dysentery bacillus moderate sensitive, escherichia coli, pseudomonasaeruginosa, typhoid bacillus light sensitive [9]. Plantain ethanol-extraction hadkilling the leptospira bacterium role [10].

4 The role ofthe gastrointestinal tract: Pavlov small stomach and a gastrointestinal problemdogs fed with plantain water extract or infusion 0.5g/kg, Bidirectionalmodulation of gastric secretion; pilocarpine-induced gastric secretionexcessivegastric juice secretion and adrenaline caused by too little, bothantagonism, inhibition plantain working state of the stomach, the stomach butno effect on the quiet state, plantain can also be a temporary increase inintestinal fluid secretion [11]. Pectin was the reduction of the ulcer index inrats before the leaf water extract of Plantago major car 95%, can promotecanine gastric secretion, reduce the rabbit isolated intestinal contractionamplitude, and against the contraction of barium chloride and histamine [12].The plantain pectin on mice braking gastric ulcer, Aspirin and Phenylbutazoneinduced gastric ulcer have good preventive effect [13]. Plantago major leaf tofruit crumb rubber can also prolong gastric emptying time [14]. The whole plantcontains aucubin diarrhea in mice, taking six hours after the start ofdiarrhea, its median effective dose of 0.39g/kg [15].

5 Anti-inflammatory:rat oral car pectin 0.5g/kg or 1g/kg, inflammatory edema caused by formaldehydeor dextran significantly inhibited [12,14].

6 Antidepressant:the car before grass petroleum ether extract can significantly reduce thenumber of Learned Helplessness in mice to escape failure, has a significantantidepressant effect [16].

7 Antioxidant:antioxidant from grape glycosides plantain phenylethanol asiatica D in thefront of the car, adenosine diphosphate, and reduced coenzyme II-induced ratliver microsomal lipid peroxidation IC500.36μmol / L [17]. Decoction ofplantain on the oxygen free radicals have a significant role in the clearance [18].Plantain water-soluble dietary fiber have strong scavenging OH-radicals, theIC50 value was 0.323 mg / ml; of O2-and DPPH highest clearance rate were 19.2%and 13.7% [19]

8 Hepatoprotective:plantain water extract of 25, 50, 100 mg/kg for 7 days can significantly reduceserum alanine aminotransferase andelevated aspartate aminotransferase inducedby the carbon tetrachloride and D-amino-D-galactosamine-induced [20].

9 Cardiovascularsystem effects: Flavonoid glycoside from Plantain make the rabbits bradycardia,amplitude increased, blood pressure increased; large doses can cause a heartattack, lower blood pressure. It can also make darken breathing slow, andpromote the secretion of bronchial and gastrointestinal, promote bowel, uterinemovement [21].

10 Anti-tumor: Plantainextracts had weak inhibitory effect on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and murinesarcoma S180 [22].

1. pediatric diarrhoea: 80 cases of patients were treated with Cheqiancao and rice decoction. Drugs were consist of 20g Cheqiancao, 30g rice and boiled with water, then made it triplicate and taken individual. Results showed that 62 cases were cured within three days, other were cured within six days, the effective rate was 90%^[1].

2. Chronic hepatitis: 232 cases of patients in treatment group were treated with Cheqiancao decoction(consist of Cheqiancao, Longdancao, Jinxiancao, Guya, Maiya, Huzhang, Suanzaoren, etc). one prescription a day. Another 116 cases in control group were treated with conservative drugs such as legalon and interfeon. A month as one course of treatment for both gorups and treated six months coutinually. Results: the overall effective rate of treatment group was 94.2% and the control group was 71.7％, significant difference (P<0.01)was obtained when compared each other. On the follow-up visit, 21.4％ of cases in treatment group were cure,  68.3％ of cases' condition had improved, 4.7％ had relapsed; for the control group were 10.6％，46.4％ and 14.7％respectively^[2].

3. Acute eczema: 100g potatoes, 15 Cheqiancao and 30g Job's-tear were cook porridge. 20 cases of patient were treated 3~5 days continually, 18 cases were cure, the cured rate was 90%^[3].

4. Bedsore: 30 cases of patients(54 ulcer spots) in treatment group were treated with Fufang Cheqiancao cream. Another ten case(18 ulcer spots) in control group were treated with infrared for 30 min, then 2% tincture of iodine and norfloxacin were applied on the ulcer spots. Antibiotic were used if necessary. Results: 51 ulcer spots were cured in treatment group, the cured rate was 94.4%; 12 ulcer spots were cured in the control group, the cured rate was 66.7%^[4].

5. Acute cystitis: 40 cases of patients in treatment group were treated with 200mg norfloxacin, three times a day, and the herb decoction(6g Jinyinhua, 6g Zhuye and 10g Cheqiancao were soaked by water) were given as well. Another 40 cases in control group were treated with only 200mg norfloxacin, three times a day. Treat time was a week for both groups. Results: in the treatment group, 21 cases had significant effects, 18 cases had effects, the overall effective rate was 98％; in the control group, three cases had significant effects, 17 cases had effects, the overall effective rate was 50％. Significant difference of Effects was obtained when compareD each other(P<0.01)^[5].

[2] Teng-zi Yin, Foreign Medical TCM volumes, 1991, 13 (2): 120.

[3] Liu-ji Mo, Jia-tai Deng, Jin-mei Zhang et al., Chinese herbal medicine on the mechanism of ureteral stones in a row of stone (Abstract), New Chinese Medicine, 1985, 17 (6): 51.

[4] Dan-ping Jia, Pharmacological study of the plantain, Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials, 1990, 21 (1): 24.

[5] Li-ping Wang, Bing-bing Zheng, Shu-xiang Wang et al., Plantain antitussive and expectorant effects and toxicity studies, Journal of Harbin Medical University, 1992, 26 (5): 400.

[6] Ying-dou Gao, National Medical Journal of China, 1954, (5): 331.

[7] Yu-sheng Wang, Pharmacology and applications. 1st edition. Beijing: People's Health Publishing House, 1983:186.

[8] Ren-lie Cao, Zai-yuan Sun, Zhong-de Wang et al., Effects of flooding agent in the observation of the in vitro anti-fungal skin, Chinese Journal of Dermatology, 1957, (4): 286.

[9] Zhejiang wenzhou region health bureau. At the new compendium (internal issuing), 1975: 326.

[10] Xuzhou medical school. A new medical material, 1971, (1): 27.

[11] KpHbVOas HapMnxon.TORCNxOlI, 1959, 22 (3): 251.

[12] Obolentseva G V. C A. 1966, 65: 15948d.

[13] Voirenko G N. C A, 1983, 9B: 1194S4q.

[14] Obauesueea TB, Apxeaxon. ToKchkon, 1966, 29 (4): 469.

[15] China Pharmaceutical University. Chinese medicine Ci Hai (Volume I). 1stedition. Beijing: China Medical Science and Technology Press, 1993: 869.

[16] Chen Xu. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2004, 91: 345.

[17] Miyase T. Phytochemistry, 1991, 30 (6): 2015.

[18] Xiao-chun Wang, Su Long, Ke-qian Xu et al., plantain decoction on oxygen free radical scavenging effect, Practical Preventive Medicine, 2002, 9 (2): 139.

[19] Jian-min Zhang, Xiao-nian Xiao, Xing Yi et al., Extraction and free radical scavenging ability of grass soluble dietary fiber in the front of the car, Natural Product Research and Development, 2007, 19: 667.

[20] Ya-jing Yu, Jing Fang, Experimental Study on the front grass water extract on the liver protective effect, China Practical Medicine, 2008, 3 (16): 71.

[21] Gaoqiaotongge, Medical Central Magazine, 1923, (22): 1245.