1、It grows in the root of eutropic Fagaceae and Pinus or casuarina stump.

This plant contains ganoderic acid A、B、C₁、C₂、E、F、G、H、I、J、K、L、M、M_a、M_b、M_c、M_d、M_e、M_f、M_g、M_h、M_i、M_j、M_k、N、O、P、Q、R、S、T、U、V、W、X、Y、Z, ganoderenic acid a、b、c、d, sanedermic  acid J_a、J_b、N、O、P₁、P₂、Q、R、S、T-N、T-O、T-Q, 22，23-dimethylene ganodermic acid R、S, ganolucidic acid A、B、C、D、E, lucidenic acid A、B、C、D₁、D₂、E₁、E₂、F、G、H、I、J、K、L、M, ganosporeric acid A, ganederiol A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H、I, ganoderol A、B, ganodermadiol, ganodermatriol）, ganodermenonol, ganodermanondiol, ganodermanontriol, ganoderal A、B, epoxyganoderiol A、B、C, lucidone A、B、C, ganosporelactone A、B, ganodosterone, ergosterol, ergosterol peroxide, ergosterol-palmitate, ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol, ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol-linoleate, ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol-palmitate, 8,9-epoxyergosta- 5,22-dien-3β,15-diol, [5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,11,22- trien-3β-ol], [5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6, 22-dien-3β-ol-linoleate], [ergosta-7,22-dien-2β,3α，9α-triol], [ergosta-7,22-dien-3β,5α,6α-triol], [ergosta-7,22-dien-3β,5α,6β-triol], [ergosta-7,9（11）,2-trien- 3β,5α,6α-triol], [22β-acetoxy-3α, 15α-dihydroxylanosta-7,9（11）,24-trien-26-carboxylic acid], [22β-acetoxy-3β，15α-dihydroxylanosta-7，9（11），24-trien-26-carboxylic acid], [3β,15α-diacetoxy- 22α-hydroxy1anosta-7,9（11）,24-trien-26-carboxylic acid], [lanosta-7,9（11），24-trien-3α-acetoxy-15α-hydroxy-23-oxo-26-carboxylic acid], [lanosta-7,9（11）, 24-trien-3α-acetoxy-15α，22β-dihydroxy-26-carboxylic acid ], [lanosta-7,9（11）,24-trien-3α-acetoxy-26-carboxylic acid], [lanosta-7,9（11）,24-trien-15α-acetoxy-3α-hydroxy-23 -oxo-26-carboxylic acid ], [lanosta-7,9（11）,24-trien-3α,15α-diacetoxy-23-oxo-26-carboxylic acid], [3β,15α,22β-trihydroxy-lanosta-7,9（11）,24-trien-26-carboxylic acid], [3α,15α,22α-trihydroxylancota-7,9（11）,24-trien-26-carboxylic acid], [3α,15α-diacetoxy-22α-hydroxy lanosta-7,9（11）,24-trien-26-carboxylic acid], [3β,15α-diacetoxy-8,24-dien-26-carboxylic acid], [ergosta-7,22-dien-3-one], [ergosta-4,7,22-trien-3,6-dione], [ergosta-4,6,8（14）,22-tetraen-3-one], [6α-hydroxyergosta-4,7, 22-trien-3-one], [6β-hydroxyergosta-4,7,22-trien-3-one, [24-methylcholesta-7-en-3β-ol], [24-methylcholesta-7，22-dien-3β-ol], [24-methylcholesta-5,7,22-trien-3β-ol], β-sitosterol, adenosine ^[1].

1. protect the kidneys: LucidGanodema polysaccharides has protective effects on the kidney of diabetic ratsby regulation of MMP-2/TIMP-2 equilibrium, reducing extracellular matrixaccumulation ^[1].

2. anti-epilepsy: Lucid Ganodema polysaccharides hasantiepileptic effects by reducing intracellular calcium ions, indirectlyinhibits PTZ-induced activation of NF-κ b, reducing the excitability of nervecells ^[2].

3. antibacterial: Lucid Ganodema polysaccharidesby hot water extraction method has strong inhibition on Erwinia carotovorasubsp.carotovora of Plant Pathogen, B.Subtilis spores and  Bacillus cereusof harmful bacteria in food; weaker on penicillium digitatum, escherichia coli and  Aspergillus Niger; no suppression role on Botrytiscinerea and Rhizopus nigricans.

4.anti-atherosclerosis:Lucid Ganodema polysaccharides has prevented atherosclerosis in rats by regulationof blood lipid disorders ^[4].

5. anti-tumor: water soluble extraction of Lucid Ganodema canobviously induce differentiation of PC₁₂ cells and significantlyinhibit apoptosis of neuron PC₁₂ cells which neurotrophic factor(NGF) rely on ^[5].

6.Anti-Parkinson'sdisease: The function of Lucid Ganodema polysaccharides peptide on PC₁₂cells is similar to nerve growth factor’s^[7]. Influence of Ganodermalucidum spores on nigra ultrastructure of Parkinson's disease (PD) animal model,morphologically promotes that  neuronalapoptosis has an important role in the pathogenesis of PD and Ganoderma lucidumspores have protective effect on nigral neurons ^[8].

Spores of Ganoderma lucidum may have protective effect on thebrain by enhancing the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and improving dopamine(DA) level in substantia nigra of mouse ^[9].

Ganoderma lucidum spores oil could slow down theNeuroprotective effects of PD disease processes by improving theMPTP mouse model behavior ,increasing DA and its metabolites, reducing thedamage of DA neurons ^[10] .

Studies on spore powder of Ganoderma lucidum on degenerationof dopaminergic neurons by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) show that powder ofGanoderma lucidum can effectively improve the rotation behavior of mouse withLPS, reduce the damage of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons ^[11].

7.anti-Alzheimer'sdisease: Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides can significantly improve spatiallearning and memory abilities of poor, reinforce SOD activity and the MDAcontent in hippocampus of rats and improve CAl neurons in the hippocampus ofrat brain degenerative changes in AD rat model ^[12].

By the establishment of mechanical injury animal model ofspinal cord motor neurons, the spores of Ganoderma lucidum can be discovered firstlyto promote rat injured spinal cord and dorsal spinal cord neuron survival ^[14].

Spores of Ganoderma lucidum have a significant role inpromoting the axon regeneration of injured spinal cord motor neurons. Bytwo-dimensional gel electrophoresis methods to further research on molecularmechanisms of Ganoderma lucidum spores, it shows that the expression reduction ofM2 Pyruvate kinase can reduce its oxygen-free fermentation of sugar, which enablesthe  glycogen to be use efficiently^[15].

Research results show that Ganoderma spores can be involvedin the process of promoting rat injured spinal cord motor neuron survival andAxon regeneration. by upward or downward adjustment of these proteins ^[16].

8. anti-epilepsy: Ganoderma lucidum spore powder can makesneurons excitability weakened and inhibit seizure by effectively reducing thecontent of L-Glutamic Acid in the hippocampal cortex area^[17] andweakened neuropathy excitability

Ganoderma lucidum spore powder can effectivlyreduced IL expression level of Interleukin-1 in the epilepsy large rat brain^[18].

Ganoderma lucidum spore plays a role in epilepsy byinhibiting Interleukin-1 and reducing expression of c-fos gene in the brain. Ganodermalucidum spore can significantly inhibit NF-κ b protein expression, enhancegrowth promoting factors of immune response, which may be one of nerve cellprotective mechanisms ^[19].

1.Malignant Tumors : Treatment on Zhong Hua Ling Zhi Bao (producedby Matilda pharmaceutical factory in ShanXi Province, each bag is 2 g), Everytime of 2g ,1 or 2 times per day, 7 days a course of treatment, 5 cases of drugover 20 days, 1 cases of drug (intermittent medication) over 120 days, 30 caseswere treated. Results: Complete remission 1 cases (3.33%), partial remission in2 cases (6.67%), stable in 22 cases (73.33%), five cases of progress, (16.67%),efficiency of 83.33%^[1].

2. Neurasthenia: 90 cases were observed,including 60 cases in treatment group and control group in 30 cases. Thetreatment group of oral ganoderma lucidum (Baiyun mountain zhengqinpharmaceutical Co., Ltd. production, batch number 970301), Every time of 3tablet 3 times per day. The control group the oral Anshenbuxin pill (Jiangxi Zhangshupharmaceutical plant production, batch number 960 702), Every time of 15 pill,three times per day. Two groups in two weeks for a course of treatment.Results:The two groups of heart and spleen deficiency syndromes, treatmentgroup, the total efficiency of 88.3%, control group, the total efficiency of66.7%, the treatment group than the control group (P <0.05). The efficacy ofthe treatment group, insomnia, dreaminess, and lassitude, loss of appetite wassignificantly better than control group ^[2

3. Chronic cholecystitis: To take Ganodermalucidum 10g, on behalf of tea during the discontinuation of antibiotics andother drugs. Results: 37 cases were treated, taking two days most of thesymptoms in patients with significantly reduced symptoms and signs disappeared time<5 days, 9 cases, 6 to 10 days in 23 cases, all the effective 11 to 15 daysin five cases ^[3].

4. Chronic HepatitisB: The treatment group 86 cases were treated by theganoderma lucidum capsule (by Hangzhou Minsheng pharmaceutical companies, andeach grain production with capsule natural ganoderma lucidum 1.5 g), every timeof 2, 3 times per day. 1 months for 1 course, all patients taking drug for 1 ~2 course, the treatment of 86 cases. Results: Compared with oral XiaoChaiHugranule,the restore normal person in group of taking LingZhi capsule, accountedfor 95.3%. the restore normal person of Serum bilirubin, accounted for 91.7%.The control group was 72.0% and 72.5% respectively. The difference of twogroups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The HBsAg turned negativerate of Ling Zhi capsule group was 16.3%, the HBeAg turnednegative rate was 51.4% , the Anti-HBc turnednegative rate was 15.1%; The control group was 8.0%, 19.4%, 8.0% ^[4]. 

Function: calm the nerves and nourish the deficiency, eliminate phlegm and arrest coughing

Syndromes to be treated: dizzy, cardiopalmus, insomnia, dreamful sleep, asthenia, cough and phlegm, silicosis, coronary heart disease, tumar.

Decoction, 10～20g; levigation, 2～6g; or infusing it in wine

1.Carbuncle in nape

2.Mastitis

3.Rhinitis

4.Palpitation and vertigo, insomnia

5.Coronary heart disease

6.Silicosis

7.Chronic gastric problems   

8.Chronic hepatitis, pyelonephritis and bronchial asthma

9.Poisoning by eating toadstools

Chemical Composition:

[1] State Administration Of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Editorial Board."" Chinese Materia Medica. Shanghai: Shanghai Science And Technology Press,1999,3:534( Total0214).

[2] Hao Ruixia, Zhang Jingsong, Tang Qingjiu, Et Al. Ganoderma Lucidum In Two New Three Natural Terpenoid Chemical Separation, Purification And Identification Of. Journal Of Biotechnology,2006,25(4):599

[3] Liu Sihao, Wang Yan, He Rongrong, Et Al. The Chemical Constituents Of Ganoderma Lucidum. Journal Of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University,2008,25(3):183

[4] Wang Yanli, Zhang Xiaoqi, Wang Guocai, Et Al. Studies On The Chemical Constituents Of Ganoderma Lucidum. Jiangsu Pharmaceutical And Clinical Research,2006,14(6):349

Pharmacological Effect:

[1]Li Wei,Mao Chun-Pu,Yin Han-Qiu. Effects Of Ganoderma Lucidum Polysaccharides On The Expression Of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2/Tissue Inhibitor Of Metalloproteinase-2 In Diabetic Rat Kidney. Chinese Journal Of Gerontology,2008,2(28):226

[2] Zhang Jinbo, Zhang Chunbin, Zhu Jinling. Effects Of Ganoderma Lucidum Polysaccharides On E Four Nitrogen Activation Of Hippocampus Neural Cells Of Nf-Κ B Changes. Chinese Journal Of Pathophysiology,2008,24(2):379

[3] Bai Dan, Often Qiutao, Li Sea. Ganoderma Lucidum Polysaccharide Antibacterial Activity Of. Acta Agriculturae Boreali Sinica,2008,23( Supplement):282

[4] Wu Feng, Meng Guoliang, Yang Liyun. The Ganoderma Lucidum Polysaccharide In The Prevention Of Experimental Atherosclerosis In Rats. Journal Of Nantong University,2008:28(4):251

[5]Cheung Wm,Hui Ws,Chu Sw,Et Al.Ganoderma Extract Activates Map Kinases And Induces The Neuronal Differentiation Ofrat Pheochromocytoma Pc12 Cells.Febslett,2000,486(3):291.

[6] Zhang Li, Peng Shaoping, Han Rong, Et Al. A Lipophilic Fraction Of Ganoderma Lucidum Promotes Pc12 Differentiation.

 Chinese Pharmacological Bulletin,2005,21(6):662

[7] Zhang Qi, Yan Zhiyong, Jia Xuejiang, Et Al. Protective Effects Of Ganoderma Lucidum Polysaccharides Peptide On Damaged Pc12 Cells Induced By Oxidative Stress: Comparison With Nerve Growth Factor.Chinese Journal Of Clinical Rehabilitation,2005,9(32):138

[8] Xie Anmu, Liu Zhuolin, Chen Ling, Et Al. Study On Ultrastructural Changes Of Substantia Nigra And Effects Of Ganoderma Spores On The Changes In Experiment Parkinson’S Disease Rats

. Chinese Journal Of Nervous And Mental Diseases,2004,30(1):11

[9] Xie Anmu, Liu Zhuolin, Zhu Yuwen, Et Al. Protective Effects Of Ganoderma Spore On Parkinsonian Rat Model

. Chin J Neurol,2005,8(6):355

[10] Zhu Yuwen, Liu Zhuolin, Xu Haowen, Et Al. Effect Of Ganoderma Lucidum Spores Oil On 6-Hydroxydopamine Rats Model Of Parkinson′S Disease

. Journal Of Zhongshan University ( Medical Science Edition ),2005,26(4):417

[11] Yang Haihua, Xu Review, Liu Zhuolin, Et Al. Ganoderma Lucidum Spore Powder On Lipopolysaccharide Induced Degeneration Of Dopaminergic Neurons. Chinese Journal Of Nervous And Mental Magazine,2006,32(3):262

[12] Guo Yanjun, Yuan Hua, Zhang On The, Etc. Effects Of Ganoderma Lucidum Polysaccharides On Antioxidant Ability And Modality In The Hippocampus Of Ad Rats

. Acta Anatomica Sinica,2006,37(5):509

[13] Zhang Wei, Zeng Ys, Chen Suijun. Effects Of Ganoderma Spore On Survival And Expression Of Nt-3 And Nos Of Spinal Motor Neuron Following Ventral Root Cut In The Rat

. Acta Anatomica Sinica,36:451.

[14] Horse Qintao, Zeng Ys, Zhang Wei Ling Xia Spore And L-Nna On Spinal Cord Injury Back Nuclear Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Activity. Chinese Journal Of Histochemistry And Cytochemistry Xu Journal,2005,14(4):399

[15]Mazurec S, Rexler Hc,Troppmair J,Et Al.Regelation If Pqruv!Te Kinase 8pe 2 B A-Raf：A Possibe Glqcg（Ytia Stop Og/Mechanism. Anicancer Res,(2007,27 6b):3963.

Clinical trials:
[1] NIU Zhao-lin. Effect of Zhong Hua Lingzhi Bao onClinical Treatment of Middle-late Malignant Tumors in 30 Cases. SHANXI ONCOLOGYMEDICINE, 2002,10（3）：225.

 [2] CHOU Ping. Effect of Ling Zhi Tablet Treatmentof Neurasthenia in 60 Clinical cases. Hunan Journal of Traditional ChineseMedicine,1999, 15（2）：5.

[3] SONG Xiao-zhi,BI Ai-li. Effect ofLing Zhi Tea Treatment of chronic cholecystitis in 37 cases. Shanxi Journal ofTraditional Chinese Medicine,1998,14（1）：9.

[4]  HU Juan. Analysis of 86 cases of Ling Zhicapsules for chronic hepatitis B. Occupation and Health, 19（3）：103.