| [English Name] | Corn Stigma | |
| [Chinese Name] | 玉米须 | |
| [Pinying Name] | Yumixu | |
| [Latin Name] | Stigma Maydis | |
| [Genera] | Poaceae | |
| [Efficacy] | Damp-clearing drug | |
| [Pictures] | Plant picture | Drug picture |
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| [Alias] | Yumi, Yumai, Yushulin, Hongxumai, Baogu, Yushu, Baosu, Baomi | |
| [Source] | This crude drug is the style and stigma of Zea Mays L. (family: Poaceae). |
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| [Plant morphology] | ||
| [Distribution] | This species is widely cultivated in all areas of of China. |
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| [Gathering and processing] | The style and stigma are collected when the seeds are ripe in the autumn, and dried in the sun. |
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| [Characteristics] | ||
| [Ecology] | It prefers high temperature,needs more water，is suitable for loose and fertile soil. | |
| [Chemical composition] | ||
| [Pharmacological activities] | 1 Decreasing the blood glucose： The level of blood glucose of the model group raised remarkably, indicating that the models were established very successful by small dose injection of Streptozotocin and infused with sucrose water [1,-3]. ZMLS could prevent the renal pathological changes and pancreatic island from injury induced by Streptozotocin. a therapeutic effect on diabetes caused by alloxan, and obviously reduced blood glucose level of heperglycemia induced by glucose or epinephrine in miceIt was successful to establish pathogenic diabetic mouse models by intravenous injection of small dose of alloxan and intragastric administration of glucose [4-6]. ZMLS had good action of lowering the level of blood glucose on this model and had good action of preventing the pancreatic island β-cell from the injury induced by drugs. corn silk polysccahrides have remarkable effect on diabetic mice, corn silk polysccahrides could promote the conversion of hepotic glycogen. silk polyscchardes are effective on diabetic mice. The stigma maydis polysaccharide could decrease the blood sugar, promote the synthesis of glycogen and repair the damaged glycometabolism organs of diabetic mice [7,8].2 Antitumor effects: The survival rates in vitro of both leukemia cells and gastric carcinoma cells were significantly lower than the control (P<0.001).The inhibiting rate of K562, the human leukemia cell, in vitro was 63.3%,and that of SGC, the human gastric carcinoma cell, was 90.7% [9,10]. Stigma Maydis has some anti-carcinoma effect SME inhibited obviously growth of S180, Hep and MFC cells in tumor bearing mice. It could suppress the growth of S180 significantly and prolong the survival time even at lower dose. Meanwhile, SME could increase the phagocytic index α, clearance index K, thymus coefficient and increase the transformation function of lymphocyte in vitro. SMPS inhibited the growth of hepatoma cells in a dose and time dependent manner. Under haematine-eosin (HE) staining, the cells treated with SMPS exhibited characteristics of apoptosis [11,12].3 Immune function: Stigma maydis Polysaccharide (SMPS) has fairly strong effect in regulating the humoral immunity function of mice, to some extent, it can regulate the phagocytosis function of the histocyte. Meanwhile, each dosage SMPS group has no phenomena of immune suppression [13-17].4 Antimicrobial activities: Antimicrobial activities of maize (Zea mays. L.) silks extracted with organic solvents were tested against seven food spoilage and food borne pathogens Ethanol (95%,v/v) extracts were ascertained to be the optimum by permitting the maximum yield and the highest antimicrobial activity. The MICs (minimum inhibition concentrations, in g/100g) of maize silk extracts were determined as 1.5 against Escherichia coli. the maize silk extracts could serve as potent,safe and effective food preservatives by means of controlling food properties and processing conditions. Increasing the face cream stabilization and inhibition Aspergillus growth [18-20]. 5 Diuretic effects: The groups of refined corn silk polysaccharide at the doses of 0.5 g/kg, 1 g/kg and 2 g/kg could significantly increase the urinary output of the sodium chloride solution loading mice. Refined corn silk polysaccharide manifests considerable diuretic effect [1,22].6 Protection liver: In Stigma maydis Polysaccharide (SMPS) treated groups, the increases of SGOT, SGPT and LDH activities in serum were inhibitedobviously. The decreases of liver GSH were reversed actually. The elevations of MDA and liver index were prevented significantly. The lesions in liver lobule were ameliorated obviously [23,24].7 Antipyretic and Choleretic effect SMPS showed antipyretic activity in rats with high temperature induced by dried yeast and 2,4-dinitrophenol; SMPS could significantly increase the biliary secretion, decrease the weight of cholecyst in mice; the acute toxicity test showed that the acute toxicity of SMPS was too low to measure LD50. SMPS shows considerable antipyretic and choleretic effect without obvious toxicity [25,26].8 Lipid-regulation Function: decreasing the content of total cholesterol, inhibit the synthesis of total cholesterol in the liver [26].9 The others: Depressing blood pressure and anti-radical action [27,28].10 Poisonousness: Stigma maydis polysaccharide was harmfulless [29]. | |
| [Clinical trial] | 1. Acute jaundice hepatitis B: Patients were divided into treatment group(36 cases) and control group(32 cases).Treatment group was treated with Yumixu and liver protecting drugs, control group was treated with only liver protecting drugs of Potassium Magnesium Aspartate and Diammonium glycyrrhizinate. Results showed that the effect of two group had significant difference, treatment group was better than control group [1]. 2. Chronic right heart insufficiency: 54 cases of patients were treated with Yumixu as the treatment group and 53 cases were treated with conservative drugs as control group. Six month as one course of treatment. Results showed that in the treatment group, 42 cases had significant effect(77.78%), nine cases had effect(16.67%), only three cases were invalid(5.55%), the overall effective rate was94.45%; in the control group, 25 cases had significant effect(47.17%), 16 cases had effect(30.19%), 12 cases were invalid(22.64%), the overall effective rate was 77.36%. The effect of two group had significant difference, treatment group was better than control group [2]. |
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| [References] |
Pharmacological Actions: [1] [2] Qiang Liu, Corn to be hypoglycemic effect in normal and diabetic mice, Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 1997, (6): 379. [3] [4] Ming-san Miao, Yan-yan Miao, Yan-bin Zhai et al., Corn to be hypoglycemic effect of saponin on the cause of diabetic model mice, Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation, 2006,10(39):123 . [5] Ming-san Miao, Yan-hong Sun, Jing-jing Shi et al., Corn to be saponins on biochemical indicators of diabetic rats, Pharmacology and Clinics of Chinese Materia Medica, 2006, 22: 380. [6] Ming-san Miao, Yan-hong Sun, Xiao-yu Ji et al., Effects of Saponin Extracted from Zea Mays L ( ZMLS) on Pathogenic Diabetic Mouse Model Caused by Administration of Alloxan and Glucose, China Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, 2007, 22 (3): 181. [7] Juan Liu, Xiao-qiang Han, Bo Jiang, Mechanism of Polysanccharide from Stigma Maydis for Diabetes Mellitus, Lishhizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research, 2006, 17 (8): 1441. [8] Juan Liu, Xiao-qiang Han, Bo Jiang, Mechanism of Polysanccharide from Stigma Maydis for Diabetes Mellitus, Traditional Chinese Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacology, 2006, 17 (4): 242 . [9] Hong Ma, Ling Gao, Effects of Extract of Stigma Maydis on K562 and SGC Cells, Journal of Nanjing University of TCM, 1998, 14 (1): 28. [10] HabteM S.Extract of silk (stigma of zeamays) inhibits the tumour necrosis factor-a-and bacterial lipopolysaccharide-inducedcell adhesion adbesion and ICAM-I expression. PlantaMedi-ca, 1998, (64): 314. [11] You-quan Cang, Wei-jia Wang, Shi-jie Yang, the Experimental Study on Antitumor Effent of Stigma Maydis Extract, Acta Nutrimenta Sinica, 2005, 27 (6): 498. [12] Dong-xia Lv, Xiao-li Wang, Feng-xiang Wei et al., Stigma maydis polysaccharide induces apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells, Heilongjiang Medicine and Pharmacy, 2006, 29 (4): 28. [13] Namba T. Inhibition of IgE formation in mice by glycoproteinsfrom corn silk. PhytotherEes, 1993, 7 (3): 227. [14] Hong-yan Zheng, Wei-hong Min, You-quan Cang et al., The Experimental Study of SMPS in the Regulation of Immune Function, Food Science, 2004, 25 (10): 291. [15] Yan Lu, Chong-po Yao, Da-fang Bai, Experimental Study on Effects of Chinese medicine corn to be the immune function of the mouse thymus, Heilongjiang Medicine and Pharmacy, 2004, 27 (6): 38. [16] Yan Lu, Chao-yu Wu, Chong-po Yao, Corn to be on the cellular immune function in aged mice, Chinese Journal of Gerontology, 2005, 25 (11): 1387. [17] Li-ling Zhu, Yan Lu, Guang Chen, Experimental study of the corn to be of splenic immune cell function in aged mice, Chinese Journal of Gerontology, 2005, 25 (6): 705. [18] Li-lian Ji, Yi-mei Fan, Antimicrobial Activities of Maize Silk Extracts against Food Spoilage and Food-borne Pathogens, Life Science Research, 2001, 5 (1): 68. [19] OgiletsM V. Stabilized bactericidal face crea ms. OtkrytiyaIzobret, 1987, (13): 16. [20] Neucere, JosephN. Inhibition foAspergillus favusGrowth by silkExtracts ofResistant an Susceptible Corn. Agric Food Chem, 1996, 44(8): 1982. [21] Shan Li, Corn to be quantitative analysis of mouse renal inhibition of calcium oxalate crystals form, Chinese Journal of Urology, 1998, 19 (9): 568. [22] [23] Garg D K.matlongical and hepatotoxic effects of silken styles ofcorn in albino rats. JAppl Toxico, 1992, 12 (5): 359. [24] You-quan Cang, Wei-jia Wang, Shi-jie Yang, Influence of Stigma Maydis Polysaccharide (SMPS) on CCl4-hepatotoxity in Mice, Food Science, 2004, 25 (10): 305. [25] Juan Du, Qi-sai Xu, Studies on Antipyretic Choleretic Effect and Acute Toxicity of stigma mayd is polysaccharide, Lishhizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research, 2007, 18 (1): 75. [26] Miura T. Antihypoglycemic effectof stigmamaydis. NatMed, 2005, 59 (4): 175. [27]MartinN. Hemodynamic effects ofboilingwaterdialysate ofmaizesilk inmormotensive anaesthetized dogs. JEthnopharMacolo-gy, 1991, (31): 259. [28] Xiao-ling Zeng, YuMiXu dandelion and feed ChenHao decocting resistance of oxygen free radical role, Modern Medicine Journal of China, 1999, (11): 22. [29] Clinical trial: [1]Kou YiHua, Lu JunLi, Dong Yan, et al. Clinical investigation of Yumixu Decoction on the Protection of Acute jaundice hepatitis B. Hebei Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2009,31(10):1476-1477. [2] Lu JunLi, Chen Pei Lin, Dong Yan, et al. Observation of therapeutic effect of Yumixu Decoction in treating 54 Cases of Chronic right heart insufficiency. |
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